How to Write A Reflective Essay - A Complete Guide

Have you been assigned to write a reflective essay? If yes? It will be a great chance for you to polish your creativity and writing skills. If you are one of those school or college students who lack knowledge about how to write such an essay, you are at the absolutely right spot. This article is the complete guide for you to write an impressive and good reflective essay. Dive in and learn. Quick Links 1. What Is a Reflective Essay? 2. How to Write a Reflective Essay 3. Reflective Essay Ideas 4. Reflective Essay Format 1. What Is a Reflective Essay? If you want to learn what is a reflective essay, here is the reflective essay definition: A reflective essay describes an experience or event, then analyzes the meaning of that particular experience and the lessons it delivers. One thing that makes it a reflective essay is that the writer analyzes an event of the past from the present. When writing a reflective essays, you are required to open up about your emotions and thoughts in order to paint a clear picture of your personality, history, and individual traits. It is required that you include a description and a vivid summary of the experience; it will make the reader feel that he has experienced it as well. Moreover, you need to explain your reactions, thoughts, feelings and emotions. 2. How to Write a Reflective Essay Writing a reflective essay is a great chance to polish your skills of writing and creativity. However, sometimes, it gets difficult and confusing to write it. There are many high school as well as college students who get confused thinking where to start. Remember one thing going in a sequence is always your best bet of getting everything right. So, we have curated step by step instructions to answer your frequently asked question; how to write a reflective paper? Below is a set of instructions that will help you write the perfect essay: Choose Your Topic Carefully If you are given freedom of choosing a topic and you dont have any idea regarding it, you can choose one of the topics from the above-mentioned list of topics to get inspiration. Research About Your Subject Make sure you do thorough research on your topic first. Close your eyes and start imagining or remembering. Watch, listen, and read the information regarding your topic. Brainstorm Before you even start writing, brainstorm your ideas first. It is always a wise step to take before writing anything. Choose Reflection Questions Take a look at the questions below to get a better idea: What did I notice? What do I feel about it? Why am I feeling this way? Answer the Questions You Have Chosen After selecting your questions, you need to give their answers. Start from one essay question, make sure you answer it properly. After that, head on to the next one. Recognize Your Experience Meaning Before you even start writing, you need to choose what is that most significant lesson you have learned from your experience. This most significant lesson or thing is going to be the thesis of your essay. Follow the Structure Like all the other essays, reflective essay has also the same format which comprises the introduction, body and conclusion paragraphs. Proofread and Edit Never ever submit your blog without editing or proofreading . Even though you have spent hours of effort and put a lot of hard work in doing your essay, your essay will have no worth if you havent proofread and edited it. Reflective Essay Outline (PDF) 3. Reflective Essay Ideas Check out these reflective essay ideas on the most common subjects you can write about: Something from your imagination Something you have experienced in real A special object Something you have seen, heard, read, watched, touched, or smelled. I am sure these subjects must have sparked your imagination, but here are a few essay topics that will help you get the bigger picture. These topics will help you understand the kind of topics teachers like to assign. The desert, mountains, countryside or beach A special room or hideaway The house you grew up Home of some relative A relative's home New Experiences Special date Important conversation Significant memory The time you overcame your fears All these topics will help you get a picture of what good ideas are like and how to come up with one of your own. 4. Reflective Essay Format The reflective essay format is similar to other essay formats. Here is the structure for you to learn how to start a reflective essay: Introduction In the reflective essay introduction you will recognize the subject and provide the reader with an overview of the impression you have taken from it. The introductory paragraph of your reflective essay needs to include a thesis statement which will act as a focal point of your paper. Body Paragraphs The first body paragraph should include one reason your subject has made an impactful impression on you. After mentioning that reason state why it had an impact on you. Whatever the kind of essay, a body paragraph full of facts will help strengthen it further. The body of your essay is also where you will describe most of the ideas you touched in your introduction. Conclusion Restate your thesis statement and summarize all the reasons that you have mentioned in the body paragraphs of the essay. After that, sum up your essay with your final thoughts on the subject; close your essay with some reflective thoughts. A reflective essay is slightly different from other essays as it requires a personal point of view of a chosen subject. You need to analyze a particular subject with your personal experience, understanding and knowledge. The only key to write a reflective essay is that you need to be more expressive. The more expressive you are, the merrier it will be for your essay. Feel free to talk about life experiences that are valid to your topic. Writing your reflections can actually be a strength in this kind of essay. Remember this article or revisit it every time you are assigned to write a reflective essay and amaze your teacher with your outstanding content. Get Professional Help Do you think writing a reflective paper is a hard nut to crack? It is completely understandable as writing is not everyones cup of tea. So, whenever you are writing your essay, never feel like you are alone and no one will help you. If you cant write, that is not the problem, and that doesnt mean at all that you will lose a good grade. Success will not be impossible for you to embrace if you take assistance from one of the essay writing services. The only thing you need to be careful about is that your selected suppose-to-be-best essay writing service may turn out to be a fraud. You dont want this, do you? Dont worry; weve got you! 5staressays is the best essay writing service online with exceptional quality work and insanely affordable rates. There round the clock customer support is ready to help you out with your academic personal growth. Your essays are assigned to highly qualified essay writers who have years of experience and education. They make sure to provide you with mind-blowing, error-free, and on-time essays. They dont just cater to reflective essay, they help with all types of essays. Simply place your order, sit back, relax, and ta-da! Get an exceptionally written A grade worthy document and enjoy unlimited perks.

Engstrom Case Essays

Engstrom Case Essays Engstrom Case Paper Engstrom Case Paper Issue The main issue with the Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant was how to improve quality and performance of its assembly line workers. The plant manager determined the best way to do this was to implement the Scanlon plan, which focuses on employee participation to identify ways to increase productivity. When the plan was proposed, it was widely accepted by employees (81% voted for it. ) In the beginning, employees had many suggestions to improve productivity (305) and management accepted almost all of them (276) despite the fact that only a few had a meaningful impact on productivity. Employeesloved that communication between themselves and managers was so strong, as evidenced from the statements from Jim Lutz and Dori Andrews. Eventually, the employees became less satisfied with the way the Scanlon plan was working. At the same time, an industry downturn was leading to decreased sales, which began to really affect the bonuses paid out to employees. Things deteriorated so much that the plant manager was forced to lay off 46 employees and no bonuses had been paid in seven months. Management now needs to adjust the variables in the Scanlon plan in order to get employees motivation and performance to a similar level from when it was first implemented. Analysis There are a variety of reasons the Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant finds itself in this current predicament. 1. Failure to continuously adjust the Scanlon plan over time to maintain employee motivation 2. Failure to respond to employee complaints in a timely fashion 3. An industrial recession which has resulted in decreased motivation and lower sales 4. Inability to pay out monthly bonuses 5. Layoffs made employees question job security and lead to further dissatisfaction. I think the current problem started because management was content to let the Scanlon plan go along with making any adjustments other than changing the payroll-to-sales ratio (which marked the line where bonuses start. ) Management should have recognized that the number of employee suggestions were steadily decreasing, from 305 in the first year the plan was implemented all the way down to 50 in he current year. This is a sign that the employees felt their suggestions were not being taken seriously, so they stopped making them. One thing that did catch the manager’s attention was the worker’s complaints. The two most common complaints had to do with the employees not trusting how their bonuses were calculated and employees questioning the fairness of the bonus structure. Management did a poor job explaining to the employees how their bonuses were calculated and which factors contributed most significantly with higher bonuses. Also, making bonuses based on the payroll to sales ratio limits the employees control over the possible bonuses. If employees are perfect, but due to management, sales (and therefore bonuses) decrease, employees begin to question how much their increased productivity is having on their bonuses. Management should also explain why certain jobs receive certain bonuses to quell the fairness dispute between assembly line workers and supervisors. The failure to recognize and alleviate these internal factors was compounded by the downturn in the industry that deeply affected the company. This downtown lead to decreased sales, which in turn lead to a lower payroll-to-sales ratio, effectively eliminated bonuses paid out to employees. Now the employees have no way to recognize the relationship between their productivity and sales, because they can be as productive as possible, but they have no way to personally increase sales. So as their motivation decreases and their dissatisfaction increases, it is inevitable that a decrease in productivity will follow. These feeling were only expounded when the company laid-off 46 employees. Not only did employees fail to see how their productivity had any affect on the business, they now had to worry about job security. Conclusion The Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant has to remedy their current situation by adjusting the Scanlon plan to fit their current economic situation. Management needs to reopen the lines of communication between themselves and their employees. This will allow the employees to thoroughly express their concerns and will allow management and the employees to be on the same page once again. Nothing can be done over the downturn in the industry, but by adjusting the Scanlon plan, they can maximize their potential in the current environment. The company may not be able to afford to pay out large bonuses at the moment, but it should lay out a long-term plan to show employees how the company will get back on track and resume paying bonuses. This plan should be much more flexible than the current plan, so when an unfavorable variable affects the company In the future, the employees will not be as affected as much as they were this time around. These new plans should be a stepping stone towards increased quality and productivity of the employees.

What you think of the subprime crisis and how it impacts todays Essay

What you think of the subprime crisis and how it impacts todays economy - Essay Example In obvious circumstances, the lenders mortgaged the loan security to other investors in various esoteric combinations. The adverse effects of the subprime crisis lead to hike in interest rates, which forces the Fed to raise rates to combat inflation, which has to be incurred by the common man. Economies of developing countries classified as emerging markets, are still seen by developed country fund managers as risky propositions. So the flight to safety will see some funds pull out of developing countries. This could lead to a stock markets slide in these economies, loss of confidence and slowdown of the real economy. The other source of disruption is construction-led slowdown in the US. This could hit developing economies that export a lot to the US. The subprime crisis also places downward pressure on economic growth, because fewer or more expensive loans decrease investment by businesses and consumer spending, which drive the economy. A separate but related dynamic is the downturn in the housing market, where a surplus inventory of homes has resulted in a significant decline in new home construction and housing prices in many areas. This also places downward pressure on growth. Crisis has caused panic in financial markets and encouraged investors to take their money out of risky mortgage bonds and shaky equities and put it into commodities as "stores of value". Most of the recent increases in global food prices have been the result of speculation and the collapse in the value of the US dollar which is now at Indian Rupees 38.62 per dollar. This crisis has an immense effect on the national stock markets, where the fluctuations in the market prices and shares of the corporations do create an element of doubt in the stakeholders mind and thus leading to kiosk among them. The market value chips down and which tends the financial institutions to come forward and ask for their loans

The Principle Characteristics of the British Constitution Research Paper

The Principle Characteristics of the British Constitution - Research Paper Example Conversely, the question still exists – why do we not turn Conventions into rules of law, or codify them? Some have been codifying, such as Parliament Act 1911 and, the Statute of Westminster 1931, which states that the British government will not interfere with the affairs of other nations. However, a good answer is that there would be a huge shift in power in favor of the courts to the judiciary. During the Re Amendment of the Constitution of Canada 1982, another question arose – if the courts recognize conventions, does that mean they turn into laws? The courts made it very clear that they do not. Some cases have touched on the question of whether conventions can crystallize into law. This question was answered in the case of Manuel v Attorney-General [1983] and the suggestion, in this case, was that the convention that Westminster would not enact legislation for a dominion except at its request and with its consent had crystallized into law so that actual consent ha d to be established. The action had been brought by Aboriginal chiefs seeking a declaration that the Canada Act 1982 was ultra vires, as the consent of the Aboriginal people did not exist. Section 4 of the Statute of Westminster 1931 did not enact the convention but incorporated it in a modified form. Under the constitution of the U.K., all actions of government are undertaken in the name of the Crown. Any account of the prerogative is an account of power. The prerogative today represents one of the most intriguing aspects of the unwritten constitution. In focusing on one particular convention, the Royal Prerogative, it may become clearer why Constitutional Conventions of the U.K. should be codified.

Financial Regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial Regulation - Essay Example This essay is organized as follows. Section 2 discusses the origin of global financial crisis and its cases in general as well as in the case of UK in particular. Sections 3 and 4 discuss the different dimensions of financial regulation in UK and the reasons for their failure. Section 5 concludes the report. The financial crisis had its origin in USA with the sudden boom in housing prices creating high optimism among investors and lenders between 1990 to 2006.This resulted in the creation of many mortgages and finally as the hosing price boom came to an end in 2006, subprime1 defaults started rising. Since the households became unable to repay their debts, the leading financial institutions worldwide had to write off their investments since August 2007. This deteriorated their balance sheet positions, which ultimately resulted in a tightening of supply of credit to households and firms to finance their consumption. Thus, the financial crisis led to economic crisis which spreaded all over the world (Agarwal et al, 2008; Vyuev, 2008; Gwimmer and Sanders, 2008). Financial market regulation is mainly aimed at correcting market imperfection and ensuring allocative efficiency of resources (Giorgio et al, 2000). However, one major reason for financial crisis has been cited as the failure of regulatory system to cop up with the financial innovation that resulted in the crisis (Pan, 2009). The rising indebtedness of the US households and financial institutions during the years before the financial crisis increased their vulnerability to crisis. The complexity of highly sophisticated financial instruments like derivatives helped in spreading the financial crisis to countries all over the world. The inaccurate measurement of risk associated with the financial innovation also resulted in creating the financial crisis. The other main reasons for the financial crisis are identified in the literature as weakened lending practices,

Clinico-histopathological Spectrum of Cutaneous Vasculitis

Clinico-histopathological Spectrum of Cutaneous Vasculitis Article Type: Original Title: Clinico-histopathological Spectrum of Cutaneous Vasculitis: A Retrospective Study of 62 cases Running Title: A Clinico-pathological study of Cutaneous vasculitis Authors: Nadia Shirazi*, Rashmi Jindal^, Neha Tyagi*, Samarjit Roy^, Meena Harsh,* Sohaib AhmadÇ‚ Affiliation: Department of *Pathology, ^Dermatology and Ç‚Internal Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences. SRH University. Jolly Grant. Dehradun. Uttarakhand. India Corresponding Author: Dr. Nadia Shirazi ABSTRACT Context: Cutaneous Vasculitis is the inflammation of vessel walls which leads to hemorrhagic or ischemic events. The histopathological classification of cutaneous vasculitis depends on the vessel size and the dominant immune cell mediating the inflammation. Object: We studied the etiological factors and clinico-pathological spectrum of patients with cutaneous vasculitis at a tertiary referral centre of north India. Design: Skin biopsies of all patients with clinically suspected cutaneous vasculitis presenting over 5 years , between 2009-2014 were reviewed. Cutaneous vasculitis was classified on the basis of etiology (primary or secondary), on the basis of size of vessel wall as well as on the dominant inflammatory cell infiltrating the vessels. Results: Over 5 years, 62 / 103 patients evaluated for vasculitic syndromes had histologically proven vasculitis. Clinically, vasculitis was primary (77.4%) or secondary (22.5%) to drugs, infections, underlying connective tissue diseases and malignancy. Neutrophilic (n=30), lymphocytic (n=18), eosinophilic (n=10), and granulomatous (n=4) vasculitis were the major histopathological groups. Small vessel involvement was seen in 97% cases. Conclusion: Skin biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing cutaneous vasculitis. Small vessel vasculitis is the most common type of cutaneous vasculitis with the dominant cell type being neutrophilic. Eosinophilic infiltrate was exclusively associated with primary vasculitis. Keywords: Cutaneous vasculitis, Small vessel vasculitis, Skin biopsy INTRODUCTION Cutaneous vasculitis (CV) is an inflammatory process of the vessels leading to the destruction of their wall with subsequent hemorrhagic features with or without ischemic necrosis.1 The incidence of cutaneous vasculitis ranges from 15.4 to 29.7 cases per million per year.2,3 The condition usually affects adults with a slight female predominance, however, all ages may be afflicted. CV is classified histo-morphologically on the basis of size of vessel affected (small or medium vessel vasculitis) and on the basis of the dominant cell mediating inflammation- neutrophilic/leukocytoclastic, lymphocytic, eosinophilic and granulomatous. On the basis of etiology, they are classified as primary/idiopathic or secondary to an underlying cause like drug induced, connective tissue disorders, infections, malignancy, etc. Vasculitis in a medium or large vessel is defined as presence of inflammatory cells within their walls, whereas in small vessels diapedesis of various leukocytes often take place and this criteria alone is not significant. It must be associated with signs of vessel damage, such as fibrin within the walls, thrombi or endothelial necrosis. Veins are involved more commonly than arterioles. Clinically, CV can present with a variety of signs and symptoms like urticaria, palpable purpura, ulcers, maculopapular rash, nodules, hemorrhagic vesicles, etc. It can be limited to skin or manifest in other organs like kidney, lungs and heart. Due to this myriad of presentations, CV can mimic a variety of other dermatological and systemic diseases. Skin biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of cutaneous vasculitis complemented by clinical data and relevant haematological and immunological investigations. In this article, we will be presenting the histopathological spectrum of cutaneous vasc ulitis at a single centre of north India. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with clinical suspicion of cutaneous vasculitis attending the dermatology OPD between August 2009 and July 2014 at a single tertiary referral centre of north India were included. An informed consent was taken wherever possible in writing. Approval was obtained from the institute’s research committee for compiling the data from the hospital records. A punch biopsy, 4mm in depth was taken from the edge of the lesion. Though efforts were made to collect most of the biopsies within 48 hours of appearance of the suspected vasculitic lesion, a few patients presented as late as 1 -2 weeks. These biopsies were routinely processed and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE). Serial sections were taken in which no vasculitis was identified on initial section. Elastic tissue staining to assess the damage to the elastic lamina in muscular vessels was also performed. Simultaneously, a hemogram, ESR, kidney and liver functions, rheumatoid factor and immunological tests like AN A and ANCA were also carried out for assessment. Direct immunoflourescence (DIF) could not be undertaken in any case due to poor patient affordability and lack of infrastructure. Patients with thrombocytopenia ( RESULTS Over 5 years a total of 480 skin biopsies were studied out of which 103 cases were performed in those with clinically suspected vasculitis. However, 62 out of these 103 cases were histologically confirmed to have vasculitis; the remaining had unremarkable and non-specific histologic features. Those with positive histological features had a mean age of 44.5 years [range 6-83 years] with the male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The maximum number of patients (n=15) were seen in the age group 31-40 years followed by those in the second decade. Clinically vasculitis was primary (n=48, 77.4%) or secondary (n=14; 22.5%). (Table I) History of drug intake and presence of recent upper respiratory tract infection was seen in 7 and 3 patients respectively. The commonest offending drugs were antibiotics of ÃŽ ²-lactam group and analgesics followed by anti-histaminics. Connective tissue disorders (n=3) and malignancy (n=1) were also found to be the cause of secondary vasculitis. Clinically palpable purpura was the most common finding followed by maculopapular rash.(Figure I). Three-quarters of granulomatous vasculitis presented clinically with symptoms of allergic granulomatosis; 25% (n=4/17) of leukocytoclastic vasculitis presented clinically with features of microscopic polyangiitis. Among the haematological parameters, a raised ESR was the most consistent finding. (Tables II III). Most of these were small vessel (venules and arterioles) vasculitis (n=60, 97%). Only 2 cases showed medium vessel vasculitis particularly associated with panniculitis. Depending upon the dominant cell mediating inflammation, the dominant cell type was neutrophilic (n=30), lymphocytic (n=18), eosinophilic (n=10), and granulomatous (n=4). Histopathological evaluation in neutrophilic vasculitis showed transmural infiltration of vessel wall with neutrophils (Figure II). Fibrinoid necrosis, neutrophilic debris with or without extravasated red cells were features of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Lymphocytic vasculitis is shown in Figure III. Epithelioid granulomas were seen surrounding and destroying the vessel wall in granulomatous vasculitis with transmural vessel wall infiltration by lymphocytes and polymorphs (Figure IV). Medium vessel vasculitis showed infiltration by neutrophils in vessel wall which was associated with septal panniculitis. (Figure V). Six of the 10 cases with urticarial vasculitis had an eosinophilic infiltrate; the remaining showed lymphocytes predominantly. Clinically most cases (n=8; 47%) of idiopathic vasculitis were of neutrophilic type. Drug reaction was the commonest cause of secondary vasculitis (n=7) and most of these (n=4, 57%) showed lymphocytic infiltrate (Table IV). DISCUSSION Cutaneous vasculitis presents as a mosaic of clinical and histological findings due to varied pathogenic mechanisms.3 Even in the presence of suggestive dermatological lesions, biopsy showed histological features in nearly 60% cases. We observed primary vasculitic syndromes leading to cutaneous histologic changes in 77% of all cases. Joint pain and swelling was the main presenting feature, palpable purpura and maculopapular rash were the predominant clinical cutaneous markers and raised ESR was a consistent feature. Mostly small vessels were affected and neutrophils predominated in infiltrates. However, there was a substantial overlap in the calibre of the vessel, the cellular infiltrate and the clinical diagnosis. Our observations corroborate with the case series of Carlson et al in terms of the dominance of primary vasculitis and lack of organ involvement.3 Raised ESR was also observed by Ekenstam et al and Gupta et al.4, 5 Arthralgia was the commonest systemic manifestation also observed by Gupta et al. 5 Neural and renal involvement was seen in 15 (24.1%) and 18 (29%) patients respectively in our series. Earlier studies showed visceral involvement is seen in 6, 7, 8 Fatal disease occurs in a minority (3, 8 Different therapeutic approaches are the main reason for sub-classifying vasculitis. Avoidance or treatment of the causative factor may cure or limit the activity of secondary vasculitis; whereas immunosuppressive therapy is the treatment of choice for primary vasculitis. Given this broad range of presentations of cutaneous vasculitis and the numerous disorders that can mimic vasculitis, it is not surprising that it is difficult to correctly and confidently classify these patients. 9 Currently the most widely adopted vasculitis classification system is that of Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) which is based on pathologic criteria . 10 The other widely used system is that of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) which is based on clinical findings. 11-18 As yet, no ideal system of classification exists for vasculitis. 3, 19, 20 The most accepted classification is one which distinguishes between primary and secondary vasculitis, recognizes the dominant blood vessel size involved as well as incorporates patho-physiological markers such as direct immune-fluorescence (DIF) and ANCA.21,22 Therefore the classification of cutaneous vasculitis into specific syndromes is best first approached morphologically by determining vessel size and principal inflammatory response. 3 This is the first case series classifying cutaneous vasculitis based on the vessel calibre and histo-morphologic features from the north Indian state of Uttarakhand. Though, the referral centre caters to a million people, this data cannot be extrapolated to the general population as the people are treated in the periphery by practitioners, the data of which is non-existent. A major limitation of our study was the non-availability of direct immunofluorescence which is considered very important for delineating the immunoglubulin type. Nevertheless, since this facility is not available in most of the Indian subcontinent and there is a lack of expertise in the field of dermatopathology, our data merits attention. CONCLUSION Vasculitis occurs as a primary disorder or secondary to various medical conditions, the treatment differing accordingly. The severity may range from a self-limited condition to a life threatening disorder with multiple organ failure. Skin biopsy is an important tool in arriving at a definitive diagnosis duly complemented by clinical features, pertinent laboratory data, serological evaluation, ANCA with or without direct immunofluorescence. REFERENCES 1. Carlson JA, Cavaliere LE, Grant-Kels JM. Cutaneous Vasculitis: diagnosis and management. Clin Dermatol 2006; 24: 414-29. 2. Chen KR, Carlson JA. Clinical approach to cutaneous vasculitis. Am. J Clin Dermatol 2008; 9: 71-92. 3. Carlson JA, Ng BT, Chen KR. Cutaneous vasculitis update: diagnostic criteria, classification, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation and prognosis. Am J Dermatopathol 2005; 27 (6): 504-28. 4. Ekenstam E, Callen JP. Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis-clinical and laboratory features of 82 patients seen in private practice. Arch Dermatol 1984;120: 484-9 5. Gupta S, Handa S, Kanwar AJ, Radotra BD, Minz RW. Cutaneous Vasculitides: Clinico-pathological correlation. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009;75:356-62 6. Fiorentino DF. Cutaneous Vasculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003; 48(3): 311-40 7. Carlson JA, Chen KR. Cutaneous vasculitis update: small vessel neutrophilic vasculitis syndromes. Am J Dermatopathol 2006; 28(6): 486-506 8. Tai YJ, Chang AH, Williams RA et al. Retrospective analysis of adult patients with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Australas J Dermatol 2006; 47(2): 92-6 9. Carlson JA, Chen KR. Cutaneous pseudovasculitis. Am J Dermatopathol 2007; 29(1): 44-55. 10. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides: proposal of an international consensus conference. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33 (8): 1135-6. 11. Fries JF, Hunder GG, Bloch DA et al. The American college of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis: Summary. Arthritis Rheum 1990, 33(8):1135-6. 12. Leavitt Ry, Fauci AS, Bloch DA et al. The American college of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of wegener’s granulomatosis.1990;33(8):1101-7 13. Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss Syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angitis). Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33(8): 1094-100 14. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33(8): 1122-8 15. Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33(8): 1114-21. 16. Calabrese LH, Michel BA, Bloch DA et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of hypersensitivity vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33(8): 1108-13. 17. Lightfoot Jr RW, Michel BA, Bloch DA et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of polyarteritis nodosa. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33(8): 1088-93. 18. Arend WP, Michel BA, Bloch DA et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33(8): 1129-34. 19. Callen JP. Cutaneous vasculitis: what have we learned in the past 20 years? Arch Dermatol 1998;134(3):355-7 20. Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Do vasculitis categorization systems really matter? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2000; 2(5): 430-8 21. Sunderkotter C, Sindritaru A. Clinical classification of vasculitis. Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16(2):114-24. 22. Watts RA, Scott DG. Classification and epidemiology of the vasculitides. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1997; 11 (2): 191-217 Table I. Causes of vasculitis in our study (n=62) Causes Number (%) Histomorphology Primary 48 (77.4) Neutrophilic (n=22) Lymphocytic (n=13) Eosinophilic (n=10) Granulomatous (n=3) Secondary 14 (22.5) Drugs 7 (50) Neutrophilic (n=3) Lymphocytic (n=3) Eosinophilic (n=1) Infections 3 (21.4) Neutrophilic (n=2) Granulomatous (n=1) Connective tissue disorders 3 (21.4) Lymphocytic (n=3) Malignancy 1 (7.1) Neutrophilic (n=1) Table II: Clinical features of cases with histologically proven vasculitis Clinical feature Number (%) Arthralgia/ arthritis 45 (72.5) Palpable purpura 34 (54.8) Maculopapular rash 18 (29.0) Fever 15 (24.1) Urticaria 12 (19.3) Nodule 4 (6.4) Papule 4 (6.4) Ulcer 2 (3.2) Haematuria 1 (1.6) Table III: Laboratory parameters of patients of patients with histologically proven vasculitis Parameter Positive Negative Not done Anemia 12 30 20 Raised ESR 50 12 Leukocytosis with neutrophilia 11 31 20 Eosinophilia 4 38 20 Thrombocytopenia 8 42 12 Kidney function tests 4 58 ANA 12 22 28 Anti-ds DNA 6 28 28 ANCA 16 46 CRP 12 26 24 Anti HCV 5 57 ASO titre 8 15 39 Table IV: Association of histomorphological diagnosis with clinical impression HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS Primary Small Vessel Vasculitis (n=48) Neutrophilic / Leukocytoclastic (n=22) Vasculitis(n=8) Pustular dermatosis (n=5) Microscopic polyangiitis (n=4) Rheumatoid vasculitis (n=2) Hypersensitivity vasculitis (n=1) Erythema Elevatun Diutinum (n=1) Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (n=1) Lymphocytic (n=13) Chronic Urticaria (n=4) Perniosis (n=3) Pityriasis Lichenoides (n=2) Atrophie Blanche (n=2) Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (n=1) Polymorphous Light Eruptions (n=1) Eosinophilic (n=10) Urticarial vasculitis (n=6) Prurigo nodularis (n=2) Hypersensitivity vasculitis (n=1) Granuloma faciale (n=1) Granulomatous (n=3) Allergic granulomatosis (n=2) Churg-Strauss Syndrome (n=1) Secondary Small Vessel Vasculitis (n= 12) Neutrophilic (n=6) Drug reaction (n=3) Behcet’s disease (n=1) Sweets syndrome (n=1) Acute neutrophilic dermatosis (n=1) Lymphocytic (n=5) Drug reaction (n=4) Discoid lupus erythematosis (n=1) Granulomatous (n=1) Wegener’s granulomatosis (n=1) Medium vessel vasculitis (n=2) Neutrophilic (n=2) Polyarteritis Nodosa (n=2) LEGENDS Figure I: Palpable purpura Figure II: H E (20x10X): Neutrophilic vasculitis Figure III: HE (10x10X): Lymphocytic vasculitis Figure IV: HE (20x 10X): Granulomatous vasculitis Figure V: HE (20x10X): Medium vessel vasculitis with panniculitis

Tourette Syndrome Essay examples -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Tourette Syndrome Tourette syndrome is an inherited severe neurological disorder usually occurring before the age of eighteen and is associated with a degree of facial and body tics sometimes accompanied by random declarations of phrases or obscenities (2,3). The facial and body tics associated with the disorder can be painful and even embarrassing. Involuntary body movements such as jaw snapping, gyrating, hopping, and obscene gesturing are to name a few (1). Tourette Syndrome was named after a French neuropsychiatrist named Gilles de la Tourette who successfully assessed the disorder in the late 1800’s(3). Tourette Syndrome claims no specific race or ethnicity. The disorder generally can affect any ethnic group yet it does affect three to four times more males than it does females (3). Although just a mere decade ago Tourette Syndrome was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, Sydenham’s chorea, epilepsy, or nervous habits, its symptoms are now differentiated and specific case related. Tourette Syndrome is a case sensitive genetic disorder that varies from generation to generation. However, not everyone that carries the genetic make up of Tourette Syndrome will express those symptoms (1). Coined as the term autosomal dominate, when one parent is a carrier or expresses symptoms of having Tourette syndrome, there is a 50/50 chance the child will receive the gene from the parent (1,4). There are several behavioral and cognitive difficulties associated with the tics that many with Tourette Syndrome experience. Although Tourette Syndrome may present itself as a disorder of motor and vocal tics, it is much more complex. Commonly linked with Tourette Syndrome is attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity(A... ...r bodies just can’t control. While we think of behavior as a voluntary physical action, Tourette Syndrome reminds us that it is not. Without proper brain function our behavior can become totally involuntary and have a ‘mind’ of its own. Behavior is not a result of a physical bodily movement. Behavior may start in the brain and the type of behavior emitted is thus a result of the manner by which that brain functions. However it is also important to be opened minded and realize that sometimes our bodies can react without direct causation of the brain. Internet Sources: 1)htttp://www.mentalhealth.com/book/p40-gtor.html; Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tourette Syndrome 2)Dictionary.com/tourette syndrome 3)http://www.tsa-usa.org/; Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. 4)http://members.tripod.com/~tourette13/; The Facts About Tourette Syndrome

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Street, the collection of short stories by Walter Dean Myers. (From Amazon. Com review) â€Å"Walter Dean Emery's book of interconnected short stories is a sweet and sour mix of the comedy and tragedy of the human condition, played out against the backdrop of the Harlem neighborhood that is centered around 45th Street†¦ Myers frankly discusses the consequences of violence, drive-boys and gang war through his articulate characters, but tempers these episodes with such a love of his fictional community that every character shines wrought with the hope and strength off survivor.Changing his point of view from teen to adult and back again through each vignette, Myers successfully builds a bridge of understanding between adolescents and adults that will help each group better understand the problems of the other. [It] beautifully illustrates the good that can come out of a community that stands together. † Summary: An unnamed narrator tells the story of Monkey, one of the narr ator's friends and a resident of 45th Street. Monkey's bookishness sets him apart from many of his peers, as does his illnesses to interfere with the Tigris gang, which is trying to take over the neighborhood.When Monkey prevents one of the Lady Tigris from attacking his friend Peaches with a knife, the Tigris set out to get revenge. Monkey appears to accept the Tigris' challenge to fight, but when he arrives at the scene he shocks everyone, his friends included, by taking a position of non-violence. Monkey Is injured in the fight and its aftermath, but the narrator discovers that Monkey has done this to prove a point, which teaches the narrator some Important lessons about courage and community.

Free Essays on European History Identifications

Identifications 1. Friedrich Nietzsche – (1844-199); German philosopher; challenged the belief in progress and the general faith in the rational human mind; believed that Western civilization had lost its creativity and decayed into mediocrity; condemned political democracy and greater social equality 2. Jean Paul Sartre – (1905-1980); French existentialist; believed that humans simply exist and did not believe in God, reason, and progress 3. existentialism – philosophy that basically said God did not exist and human existence as unexplainable; came of age in France during the years immediately followed World War II; terrible conditions of the war reinforced the existential view of life 4. Albert Schweitzer – (1875-1965); theologian who wrote Quest of the Historical Jesus; argued that Christ while on earth was a completely natural man whose teachings had been only temporary rules to prepare himself and his disciples for the end of the world 5. Soren Kierkegaard - (1813-1855); Danish religious philosopher; ideas were extremely influential, rejected formalistic religious and denounced the worldliness of the Danish Lutheran church; eventually resolved his person anguish over his imperfect nature by making a total religious commitment to a remote and majestic God 6. Karl Barth – (1886-1968); Swish Protestant theologian; similar ideas to Kierkegaard; his influential writings sought to re-create the religious intensity of the reformation; his basic thought of humans was that they are imperfect, sinful creatures, whose reason and will are hopelessly flawed 7. Gabriel Marcel – (1887-1973); French existential Christian thinker; found in the Catholic church and answer to what he called the postwar â€Å"broken world†; Catholicism provided the hope, humanity, honesty, and piety for which he hungered 8. Jacques Maritain – (1882-1973); countryman; w/ Marcel, denounced anti-Semitism and supported closer ties with non-Catholics... Free Essays on European History Identifications Free Essays on European History Identifications Identifications 1. Friedrich Nietzsche – (1844-199); German philosopher; challenged the belief in progress and the general faith in the rational human mind; believed that Western civilization had lost its creativity and decayed into mediocrity; condemned political democracy and greater social equality 2. Jean Paul Sartre – (1905-1980); French existentialist; believed that humans simply exist and did not believe in God, reason, and progress 3. existentialism – philosophy that basically said God did not exist and human existence as unexplainable; came of age in France during the years immediately followed World War II; terrible conditions of the war reinforced the existential view of life 4. Albert Schweitzer – (1875-1965); theologian who wrote Quest of the Historical Jesus; argued that Christ while on earth was a completely natural man whose teachings had been only temporary rules to prepare himself and his disciples for the end of the world 5. Soren Kierkegaard - (1813-1855); Danish religious philosopher; ideas were extremely influential, rejected formalistic religious and denounced the worldliness of the Danish Lutheran church; eventually resolved his person anguish over his imperfect nature by making a total religious commitment to a remote and majestic God 6. Karl Barth – (1886-1968); Swish Protestant theologian; similar ideas to Kierkegaard; his influential writings sought to re-create the religious intensity of the reformation; his basic thought of humans was that they are imperfect, sinful creatures, whose reason and will are hopelessly flawed 7. Gabriel Marcel – (1887-1973); French existential Christian thinker; found in the Catholic church and answer to what he called the postwar â€Å"broken world†; Catholicism provided the hope, humanity, honesty, and piety for which he hungered 8. Jacques Maritain – (1882-1973); countryman; w/ Marcel, denounced anti-Semitism and supported closer ties with non-Catholics...

Top 8 Free Online Style Guides in English

Top 8 Free Online Style Guides in English Sensible is probably the highest praise that can be given to a style guide. Neither a comprehensive documentation manual (such as the MLA or APA guides) nor a self-improvement book (along the lines of Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style), a publishers style guide should provide practical and consistent advice about matters ranging from abbreviations and preferred spellings to punctuation standards and acceptable terminology. If youre not already committed to one particular code of conventions- such as The Associated Press Stylebook, the journalists bible- consider befriending one of these free online style guides. Each has its eccentricities and limitations, and no two of them agree on every fine point of usage. But theyre all sensible and reasonably consistent.   American Styles National Geographic Style Manual  Online since 1995 and frequently updated by a team of editors, this is an alphabetically arranged guide to preferred National Geographic Society style and usage.​The Tameri Guide for Writers: Generalized Stylebook  Maintained by Susan D. Schnelbach and Christopher Scott Wyatt, the Tameri Stylebook is based on the Associated Press Stylebook, which is the primary style guide for reporters and editors at daily newspapers and many periodicals.​Wikipedia: Manual of Style  This style guide for all Wikipedia articles is intended to help editors write articles with consistent, clear, and precise language, layout, and formatting. British Styles The BBC News Styleguide (pdf) Written by John Allen, a BBC reporter and editor for the past 40 years, this popular manual is not a do and dont list but a guide that invites you to explore some of the complexities of modern English usage.​Economist.com Style Guide  John Grimonds online guide is based on the stylebook followed by journalists at The Economist magazine. The 11th edition of the paperback version of the guide will be published in 2015.​The Guardian and Observer Style Guide  Edited by David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, this is the online version of Guardian Style. The third edition of this witty handbook was published in December 2010.​Telegraph Style Book  Augmented by monthly style notes from associate editor Simon Heffer, this is the official guide to house style for The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Telegraph, and Telegraph.co.uk. Canadian Styles The Canadian Style  Compiled by the Canadian governments Translation Bureau, Canadian Style includes useful advice for drafting letters, memos, reports, indexes and bibliographies along with concise answers to questions concerning written English in the Canadian context.

Strategic Leadership for Non-Profit Organizations Research Paper

Strategic Leadership for Non-Profit Organizations - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that there is evidence pointing to the fact that strategic leadership is different for non-profit organizations, with Bobbi also pointing out that the nature of problems faced by non-profits are antithetical to those that for-profit organizations face. For example, for-profit organizations seek out â€Å"easy† business that almost runs itself and has minimal problems, while non-profit organizations seek out the toughest problems that need solving. This paper will set out to investigate the potential benefits and needs for strategic leadership in the non-profit organization, conducting a review of literature into the topic and applying it to the non-profit organization. A number of theoretical articles and studies have been published concerning the influence and role of non-profit organization managers generally, of which a number focus on the feasibility of applying strategic leadership theories in for-profit organizations to non-profit orga nizations. Stubbs concludes that the role of the private manager significantly differs from that of the business manager, contending that these differences included different decisional, interpersonal, and informational roles. More recently, Dym & Hutson offered their take on the existing differences between the roles played by corporate and non-corporate managers and, although they fail to offer adequate information concerning their methodology for determination of the study’s rigor, they identify five areas that the non-profit strategic leader must adopt practices used by strategic leaders in for-profit organizations.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 74

Case Study Example Those suffering from mental illness in the rural areas do not access mental health services. The same fate affects those in very remote areas. Members of the local community do not have adequate information on different ways of handling people with multiple mental illnesses. It is significant to have a recovery culture in all institutions that provide all forms of mental health services. Developing the collaborative recovery model plays a crucial role during the training of professionals as it offers them adequate support in all AMHS and NGOs as they work with patients. This takes place through a means that recognises and offers gadgets that give meaningful assistance. Two primary principles guide the development of the recovery culture model. First, the process of recovery is always personalise, exclusive, and constitutes modifying the attitudes, feelings, values, skills, goals, as well as roles. They all progress towards recovery and are measurable when determining the recovery success. The second principle is that working as a team in the process of pursuing recovery enhances the results of the whole process and it is significant for the consumers of the services to cater for their part of the effort in recovery. The recovery model will have four ele ments supported by the available resources referred to as the LifeJET and is important during the strategising process, execution, and follow-ups. Change enforcement. Entails the identification process of the necessary needs that require modification to help in the preparation recovery and the progress of the same by developing commitment and interest and change Follow-up and action. It takes place by recording and evaluating attainment of collaborative goals, level of achievement, and the need for review of intervention efforts that helps to foster accountability. Attained service accountability by