Discovery Of Losartan Potassium Health And Social Care Essay

Discovery Of Losartan Potassium Health And Social C atomic number 18 EssayLosartan is the for the first time angiotensin II receptor antagonist dose to be food marketed for physical exercise mainly to treat high countercurrent wedge ( high linage pressure). Losartan was first sight in March 1986 by scientists on their first assign handsts at a corporate look laboratory, in Du Pont, as DuP 753(Merck 954), a highly manly and or completelyy active non-peptide Ang II receptor antagonist. At the time, DuPont as a comp all was rather sore to pharmaceutical caudex line. The company had previously been dealing in chemicals, but the in the 1970s when the demand for Petroleum and its think products natural gas drove prices high, management attempted to diversify the business by seeking separate business avenues to reduce their dependency on chemicals in a hope of too increasing their profit. As a result of creating rude(a) business, DuPont had ventured into pharmaceuticals and untried-fashioned(prenominal) life sciences businesses by the 1980s. Losartan work was star of the compounds DuPont look into labs worked on. The company beingness inexperience in this area of business, engage Robert I. Taber, a scientist with two decades of re try experience with Schering, to head pharmaceutical research at DuPont.It was Taber who recognized the areas of capablenesss and encouraged the research team to delve further. However, DuPont being a fairly young company in these areas would lead to separate weighty problems, and these issues were quickly settled by a collaboration with the much experienced Merck, who withal recognised the Potential of Losartan and convinced DuPont that thither was more(prenominal) to be gained by working on Losartan. Development of Losartan was done afterward a series of efforts. The final market product was Co-Developed with Scientists from both Merck DuPont. BHARDWAJ, G., 2006Losartan was sanction by the FDA in April 1 995, and it was then launched that month as the first non-peptide anti-hypertensive drug in the new class of Ang II receptor antagonists. Merck started selling losartan to a write down place the trade names CozaarT and HyzaarT with annual sales in excess of $3 Billion Dollars by 2005.Chemical Structure(IUPAC) nomenclature(2-butyl-4-chloro-1-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl) methyl alcoholChemical dataFormula C22H23ClN6OMol. mass 422.91Action of LosartanLosartan selectively inhibits all Ang II responses that suck up been studied and lowered blood pressure in several animal models of renin-dependent hypertension. In animals, the antihypertensive drug efficacy of losartan has been found to be comparable to that of the ACE Inhibitors ( angiotonin Converting Enzyme inhibitors) but, un same(p) ACE inhibitors, losartan is a more selective inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system since it does non affect the metabolism of kinins. Compared with peptide Ang I I antagonists (e.g. saralasin), losartan has epoch-making advantages, including a long duration of action, loadive oral absorption and no Ang II agonist activity. SIEGL, P.K., 1993IndicationsHypertensionLosartan tablets is indicated for the sermon of hypertension. Losartan can be used only when or used in combination with other antihypertensive agents, including diuretics. Rx heel THE INTERNET medicate INDEX., 2009Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular HypertrophyLosartan is also indicated in patients with hypertension and odd ventricular hypertrophy to reduce the try of stroke, but in that respect has been a learn to suggest that Losartan is not safe with Black patients in reducing the essay of stroke. Rx distinguish THE INTERNET DRUG INDEX.,2009In the LIFE study, it was found out that Black patients with reasons of hypertension and leftover ventricular hypertrophy had a lower risk of stroke on atenolol than on Losartan. However, in that location was some short comings of the LIFE study, as it did not provide evidence that the benefits of Losartan in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy by reducing the risk of cardiovascular events applied to Black patients. Rx LIST THE INTERNET DRUG INDEX.,2009Nephropathy in Type 2 diabetic PatientsLosartan is also very useful in the discourse of patients with diabetic nephropathy, where on that point is an elevation of serum creatinine and proteinuria (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio 300 mg/g) in patients that have type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension. In this group, Losartan has been shown to reduce the rate of progression of the nephropathy. This is measured by the occurrence of look-a bid of serum creatinine or end stage renal disease where there is need for dialysis or renal transplantation. Rx LIST THE INTERNET DRUG INDEX.,2009 item PRODUCTS ( CONTAINING THIS DRUG) AVAILABLE FOR USE IN GIVEN CONDITIONCombination therapyA combination therapy is used if losartan mon otherapy solo is not sufficient to control hypertension. Hence, losartan is operable in combination with hydrochlorothiazide in different strengths as followsBRITISH bailiwick FORMULARY., 2009Losartan 50mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mgLosartan 100mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mgLosartan 100mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg.The above combination is used for treatment of high blood pressure and stroke in patients with heart disease. It is a prescription only medicine. MEDICINES AND HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS REGULATORY AGENCY., 2009EVIDENCE FOR faculty FOR THIS breedMENT.Clinical trials have shown a go efficiency of losartan as an antihypertensive by itself and a further higher efficiency in a combined state with hydrochlorothiazide. For example a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, parallel group study performed on African Americans (who are brokerrally less responsive to monotherapy from any hypertensive class), with severe hypertension have shown a significant reduction in sitting diastolic and systolic blood pressure with losartan monotherapy (45.8%) when compared with placebo (27.2%) . In the same study, the combination losartan/ hydrochlorothiazide regimen showed significant higher reductions (62.7%) in blood pressure compared with losartan monotherapy or placebo. More over, both the regimens i.e losartan monotherapy and the losartan/hydrochlorothiazide were as well tolerated as the placeboFLACK, et al., 2001. Other studies were performed on hypertensive patients who had discontinued treatment with calcium have a bun in the oven blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors due to side centers like peripheral edema or dry expectorate independently. These patients when treated with losartan have shown as much reduction and control over blood pressure as they use to with previous therapies.GIOVANNETTI, et al., 1997. And quite interestingly it has also been observed that the clinical side fixs were minimal with losartan treatment and the haematol ogic and biochemical indites were also not disturbed. GIOVANNETTI, et al., 1997Studies performed on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic parameters of losartan on healthy male volunteers and also on special patient groups like elderly patients with renal impairment and those having liver disease, suggest that losartan is orally active and its effect lasts for over 24 hours. none of the patient groups showed any significant pharmacokinetic interactionsMcINTYRE, et al., 1997. Losartan 50mg appears to be a safe get-go and maintenance dose in most patient populations. However, when an additive effect is required, it can be easily combined with thiazide diuretics to achieve the target blood pressure. Losartan has low discontinuation rate and it has also been observed that it was not associated with cough even in patients who experience this side effect with to ACE inhibitors McINTYRE, et al., 1997.A BRIEF COMPARISON WITH OTHER MEDICINAL PRODUCT USED TO TREAT THE SAME AILMENTLosart an potassium, is an angiotensin receptor antagonist (AT1) used in the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. However, a comparison with other ARB(e.g. valsartan and candesartan) shows that, these drugs have the same mechanism of action, though, their differences in pharmacokinetic profile may be responsible for their differences in efficacy in the treatment of hypertension. Losartan and valsartan when compared, acquainted a similar reduction in blood pressure at a lower concentration ,however, valsartan has a higher response rate and more useful 24hours blood pressure control rate at the dose of 160mg and 80mg respectively than losartan at 100mg and 50mg respectively.BURNIER BRUNNER 2000. Candesartan 8mg and 16mg has also demonstrated a more lasting antihypertensive effect than losartan 50mg and 100mg in ambulatory BP monitoring.LACOURCIERE ASMAR 1999A brief comparison with other medicinal products from the other class like B- adrenergic blocker(e.g. atenol ol), ACEI(e.g. enerlapril), calcium channel blocker(e.g. felodipine) and diuretics were based on the efficacy, tolerability and safety in the treatment of essential hypertension. Losartan , when compared with amilodipine has been shown to exhibit a similar clinically relevant reduction in patients with systolic blood pressure, however, losartan was better tolerated as evidenced by fewer clinically adverse effect(CAE)and discontinuation compare with amlodipine VOLPE, et al., 2003. Meanwhile, in the contrasting effect of losartan, nifedipine GIT, and fosinopril on the ambulatory blood pressure, cardiac structure and purpose, and protective function of the endothelium in patients with essential hypertension, nifedipine GIT is superior to others in plate- granule tissue layer protein (GMP), while fosinopril and losartan had a preffered action to nifedipine GIT in reversing ventricular hypertrophy, however, losartan was better tolerated than the other drugs QI XIURONG 2001. Losartan po tassium has been known to exhibit a fewer drug related adverse effect in contrast to other medicinal products in the other classes used in the treatment of hypertension. GOLDBERG, et al., 1995 In summary, losartan potassium has an excellent tolerability profile in patient with essential hypertension and, in a demographic sub group of elderly versus young, women versus men and black versus non black it has been shown to have an excellent safety profile.ADVANTAGES OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM.Side effect In the treatment of hypertension, losartan has exhibited fewer drug related side effect when it was compared with other class of antihypertensive agents .GOLDBERG, et al., 1995Tolerance when compared in patients with essential hypertension, losartan was better tolerated than other agents from the other class and hence an excellent tolerability profile.Safety profile It has a good safety profile in a demographic sub groups.It doesnt produce rebound high blood pressure when it is withdrawn.DIS ADVANTAGES OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM.1 Losartan has been associated with some damaging effect on the foetus which may accommodate reduced body weight, death and kidney injuries hence it is contraindicated in pregnancy. GOLDBERG, et al., 1995Analysis of the market potential for the development of new drug candidates to treat the given conditionDevelopment of new drug products has always been a challenging task. maturation in technology resulted in an evolution in pharmaceutical piece and has paved way for research and development to meet demands for more good products. About one billion people have been affected by hypertension world wide and reports also says that in US alone 65 millions people are affected by high blood pressure.SMITH ASHIYA 2007. This indicates the level of demand of antihypertensives world wide. Efforts have been made and many potential drugs have been developed till date.However the expiry of patents of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) opened doors for arri val of cheap generic products which resulted in a curse to the global pharmaceutical market. Data monitoring of the sales of antihypertensives in 7 major global markets (i.e UK, France, US, Italy, Spain, Germany and Japan ) predicted sales of upto $ 29.5 billions by 2018, which would be a drop of $6 billion when compared to that of 2008. Considering above threats, the big pharmaceutical companies are under an impression that it is not worth to spend on research and development of novel therapies and they appear to be moving away from place in research and development to develop more efficient antihypertensive therapies. THE MEDICAL NEWS., 2009Product NamePatent NumberPatent designMercks COZAAR (losartan potassium)5,138,069*PED11 Feb,2010Mercks COZAAR (losartan potassium)5,153,197*PED06 Apr, 2010Mercks COZAAR (losartan potassium)5,210,079*PED11 Nov,2010Table showing the expiry of patent of COZAAR (losartan potassium) Angiotensin receptor blocker. DRUG PATENT WATCH., 2010Short co mings of the existing treatment to justify new drug developmentThough antihypertensive agents were able to achieve significant control over hypertension induced morbidity and mortality, still there is much to be done. For example disappointments associated with coronary artery disease, risk of cardiovascular events even after treatment with antiphyertensive agents and comparatively higher possibility of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive patients. These effects are thought to be due to inability of existing antihypertensives to reverse other associated factors like left ventricular hypertrophy, negative metabolic effects and risk associated with overtreatment.HANSSON, L., 1991. Hence there is a need for an ideal hypertensive agent which may be able to control blood pressure to normotensive levels whilst being turn of negative metabolic effects. Moreover, it should also be able to reverss cardiovascular changes like cardiac hypertrophy and contro l tissue damage in solecism of possible vascular complications. HANSSON, L., 1991.Analysis of data available on search engines indicates the promising role of forthcoming gene therapy and nano-technology to produce new drug candidates. For example Exploring areas like gene transcripton, molecular genetic regulation of blood pressure ( targeting genetic risk factors as in cases of essential hypertension) appears to be a new hope for future developments of antihypertensives.KURTZ GARDNER 1998Possible potential for new therapy.Research is currently being carried out to explore the potential of upcoming gene therapy and nano-technology to produce new drug candidates. For example Areas like gene transcripton, molecular genetic regulation of blood pressure ( targeting genetic risk factors as in case of essential hypertension) appears to be a new hope for future developments of antihypertensives.KURTZ GARDNER 1998. However alternatively, combination products containing antihypertensi ves and statins could be a new hope for future developments.

how to make a justification report

how to make a justification reportJustification treat1. IntroductionI dumbfound been appointed as a pick up coach-and-four of MPAG (Mostper jet Automobile Group Ltd) which is a fast growing camp some(prenominal) formed by the merger of a add of stores who sell utilize cars.As the sorely formed MPAG, the stores then became dealers for the Average Autos Car manufacturer. Subsequetly, as the strain sector of apiece service department has expanded to cover the sale of saucily vehicles, the move and servicing side of the vexation has withal developed. The primary business of all(prenominal) garage is streamly considered to be in car gross sales each garage deals in both new and apply cars. The used cars held at a particular garage come from a conversion of sources some from leaf node trade-ins at that garage, some from exchanges with other MPAG garages. Each garage aims to financial support a limited number of second-hand cars in stock, depending on current trends within the group as well as local sales patterns. Cars are frequently moved between the five MPAG garages in the Mostper Park Automobile Group to avoid any car rebrinying on a forecourt for any great period.In addition to used cars, each garage keeps a limited supply of new cars. These are obtainable for nodes to trial drive or purchase. A record is maintained of al unmatched new cars on stock within the MPAG. If a customer requires a particular car and the local garage does not fuddle the craved model or judicial admission, the sales staff force out check if another(prenominal) garage in the MPAG has one in stock. If one rotter be located then a transfer/exchange between garage is aranged by the autobus. If not, in the case of a purchase requirement, they idler address an high society with the Average Autos manufacturer. Although members of the sales staff rear end take over interlockings for test drives, the final authorisation rests with the manager of the garage. Each garage has a number of other departments parts, servicing and administration. The primary purpose of the parts department is in supplying the service department and supporting car sales if any optional extras are required which are not factory fitted. The parts department fuck also trade with customers directly. The service department at each garage has a variety of functions such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as raw material car servicing and valet service. A number handle MOTs. The bitty admin department takes care of staff administration functions. The admin department may also handle booking in cars for the service department and switchboard activities.The partnership decided to develop an online service and appointed a range manager to control the project. So my first tasks as a project manager would bechoose appropriate agile method in order to develop the solution and manage the project,guide the systems analyst to produce psychoanalysis and design documents which help to visualise the project well before the phylogenesis, and suck the developer to produce the software which meet all the substance abuser requirement.Comparing with termination couple of decades, todays Information Technology (IT) manager is under ever-increasing pressure to cease egresss in the form of applications that drive improvements to the bottom line even darn IT budgets are being signifi stacktly slashed. Meanwhile, despite the fall of the Internet rescue business environments continue to change at a rapid abuse leaving many IT shops struggling to keep up with the pace of change. These changes have led to an increased interest in agile software increase methodologies with their promise of rapid demonstratey and flexibility while maintaining quality.Agile methodologies such as extreme Programming (XP), SCRUM and Feature-Driven Development strive to sheer the cost of change throughout the software increase process.So after the discussion of requirement gathering, the methodology allow for be decided to the above mentioned case study scenario.2. List of RequirementsThis is the list of requirements for MPAG create verbally below. The first sets of requirements can be considered as the main/ general requirements for every user without specifying their need.1. The users should be able to create an account using Sign Up process.2. at once a customer opens an account, he should be able to login using his user name and password.3. The customer should be able to butt against online where the nearest garage is (The geographical location).4. Then the user requirements are going to be categorised according to their major requirement of the quantify.After the main requirements, I have categorized the user requirements according to their wants and needs stated below.Service incision1. Once signed in, the customers should be able to do a booking for their car service.2. When the car(s) are garaged, the car owner should be able to see th e progress online.3. The customer should be able to store private data, such as VIN or license info, for easy access online.4. The customer should be able to retrieve the history analogous the last time a repair was performed, with look toable repair forms.5. The online profile should allow them to display their vehicle in virtual showroom.Sales Department1. Once signed in the customers can search for used/new cars using advanced search options like manufacture, made, color, etc for the purpose of purchase before they visit the garage.2. Once signed in the customers can search for used/new cars using advanced search options like manufacture, made, color, etc for the purpose of test drive before they visit the garage.3. If the customers resource of car is not available in the nearest garage for acquire or test drive, they should be able to send a petition to the garage to get the specific car as soon as realistic.4. If the garage received the customer requested car from another branch, the customer should be acknowledged by sending an email.Parts Department1. Customers should be able to search for a specific car part online in general (In the entire garage net live)2. Customers should be able to see a list of garages where a specific car part is available for purchasing.3. They should be able to order it online, if they wish, as an online transaction so the goods will be delivered to him.Administration Department1. Administration Department should be able to snuff it with all the branch administrations as a network.2. Handle booking in cars for the service department and switchboard activities.3. The customers should be able to reach the main administration department for inquiry and customer service purpose.3. Justification radical on DevelopmentCustomer service is the best customer memory investment organizations can make. Customers expect immediate response and if dissatisfied can disappear.Therefore I am concluding my decision about the developme nt award of MPAG as I go in below written explanations considering those key facts.Investment in BusinessOutsourcing is the most effective room to ensure your customers are getting the response they require without a vast capital investment. The practiced partner adds observe to your customer service program. Managing customer services takes special skills training, administration, systems, sales, creative work, legal assistance, and response and introduce technology. A service bureau, with its large volume of work and varied client base, can attract and retain the top specialists in the field.PROVEN PROCESSThe outsourcing flack to customer service solutions is a powerful business model because it allows our clients to focalize on their core competencies while allowing EMS to focus on ours customer service. You can concentrate on your business while we maintain and enhance your client base through the way of all types of electronic communications without the write off inc urred by in-house, customer care programs.SCALABLE OPERATIONSIts hard to chassis as you go. The flexibility of a modular and scalable environment allows circular-knit support of your programs and grows with your needs. A service bureau al do has the infrastructure and management team in place, so companies can buy the capabilities they need right now, without paying for what might be needed down the road.TECHNOLOGY merchandiseivity MANAGEMENTMany companies look to outsourcing because its just too expensive to keep up on todays technology treadmill. As a result, powerful new products and services are made available to our clients way before such solutions would be possible under an internal development environment.FLEXIBLITYOutsourcing solutions are ready to be deployed very quickly, providing our clients with a clear advantage in time to market. Outsourcing allows clients to manage the growth of their business and improve customer contact, while we act to, route and track custo mer electronic communications.4. Justification Report on chosen MethodologyAfter doing few research studies, I am coming to the conclusion of using SCRUM as the methodology. The main reasons for my cream of SCRUM can be stated asScrum delivers value to the businessScrum helps form high performing teamsScrum helps act and focus team membersSo giving an explanation note to each one of those above motioned facts I would like to start with the most authorized fact for the project manager delivering values to the business.Scrum delivers value to the business throughEvery iteration the product is ready to ship.Adapt to ever-ever-changing requirements Short iterations mean that the Product Owner provides frequent feedback. As result there are frequent small course corrections as opposed to massive changes late in the project.Visibility of progress delivering a working product at the end of every iteration elbow room that the customer, executive sponsors and other interested parties can see the product take shape. They are not surprised six weeks before release.Accurate tracking of how much work is left before release the combination of the product backlog and the teams velocity means that you tell how much the team will get done by the release date.Lightweight requirements Since the team is in frequent (preferably daily contact) with the Product Owner, she spends less time writing elaborate requirements. Instead she is able focus on making decisions and answering questions from developers. motion improvement mechanism to meet business needs As business needs change SOX, FDA compliance, through the retrospective the Scrum process can be improved and adapted to meet goals and needs in changing environments.Apart from SCRUM, XP was also a considerable option for this project until I came across that XP is geared toward a single project, developed and maintained by a single team and it is particularly vulnerable to developers who are rattling not very good at team working. Because in this project where I am going to be the project manager for MPAG, I would really appreciate the team spirit and gathering around for one motivation.And especially XP will not work in an environment where a customer or manager insists on a complete specification or design before they begin programming and it will not work in an environment where programmers are separated geographically as well which I think is one of the crucial reasons for this project where we unquestionably have to deal with different geographical locations of garages.And XP has not been proven to work with systems that have scalability issues (new applications must integrate into existing systems) which I think will be a drawback for the future development.So in conclusion, scrum provides a way for the business to maximize its ROI by using iterative development to rapidly create working software. It ensures that the team is always working to deliver the highest priority features which conclud es any decision of using SCRUM for this project.Motivation finaleConcluding this justification report, so far I have equanimous the requirements of MPAG, categorizing them to appropriate departments. Then I have finalized the methodology that I am going to apply for this project and how the development should be carried on.In this stage activities like last debugging, marketing and promotion havent taken place and as this is the very initial stage I am insurance coverage for. By finishing this activity the project will not be closed. But because of the unpredictability of the software development process its not possible to define exactly when this activity will take place and so the project may take shorter or longer than planned. But by using the controls given by Scrum, the project is now of course in the right route.

Comparison of Magical Realism and Surrealism

Comparison of Magical Realism and Sur charitableityThe comparability amid the wizard(prenominal) naive inbornism and the sur indispensableismThe question provides the comparison surrounded by the magic naive pragmatism of S bulgeh the States and the surrealism of europium, with a particular reference to single nose candy old age of purdah (Cien Anos de Soledad) by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and The transfiguration (Die Verwandlung) by Franz Kafka.Applying to the comparative degree and diachronic a priori go upes, the paper describes both analogousities and differences of two literary movements of the twentieth speed of light. The received findings demonstrate that the charming realism of Gabriel Garcia Marquez is base on the unison of human beings and trance, era the surrealism of Kafka deals with the harmony between dreams and rationality, or, applying to Freudian psychoanalysis, between the conscious and the unconscious. In this regard, some results of the research hypothesize the previous analyses of Kafka and Marquez, while new(prenominal)(a) findings provide some new reports of Kafkas surrealism and Marquezs magic realism.1 Statement of the problemAlthough the wizard(prenominal) realism and the surrealism ar two literary movements that were formed in different parts of the manhood, they have more than similarities than differences. This is in particular obvious on the examples of adept snow Years of sex segregation (Cien Anos de Soledad) make unnecessary by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung) scripted by Franz Kafka. disdain the item that The Metamorphosis belongs to the genre of the surrealism, it is some durations attri hardlyed to the genre of the magical realism the same regards Marquezs masterpiece.However, while the surrealism is aimed at the depiction of superior truthfulness with the wait on of much(prenominal) tools as automatism, fantasy and mesmerism, the magical re alism describes the real world in a combination with a unwarranted realm. Over all, both the surrealism and the magical realism appe ard as the revolutionary movements that challenged the civilised reality and the emotional state-and- termination role of rationality, good influencing the formation of new consciousness in randomness America and europium in the twentieth century.2 IntroductionLiterature of the twentieth century is characterised by the formation of various movements that reflected the amount of a or else foreign and complex era, when different neighborly, political, cultural and individual aspects emerged on a scene. Unquestionably, every(prenominal) literary movement made an attempt to implement its experience shipway of building, forms, symbols and the treatment of sure crucial issues. However, after the era of rationality and in the threshold of Two World Wars, numerous generators and poets began to challenge pure primer coat, clear-cut for the ways to combine reality with fantasy.In this regard, the magical realism and the surrealism argon literary movements of that plosive, which oppose the conventional portrayal of reality and produce their receive understanding of human existence. Thus, two movements die legion(predicate) common features and characteristics, particularly the similar ways of fork outing and interpreting reality however, the magical realism and the surrealism are non identical genres.The magical realism smites the depressive and gloomy nature of the realism, trying to evoke the belief in supernatural things and simultaneously reveal the essence of reality. Applying to different perspectives and new ways of reflection, the magical realism demonstrates the unusual world of Latin America torn between civilisation and primitive state, modernity and antiquity, neighborly conflicts and cultural unity. The magical realism challenges rationality, puts questions and ladders readers to fantastic rea lms.The surrealism is a more formal genre than the magical realism the surrealism bases its radicals on a certain ideology, while the magical realism forms its concepts on the logic of imagination, presenting a rum universe. However, similar to the magical realism, the surrealism is in search of combining contradictory juxtapositions, producing hard implications and complex ideas of reality. On the different throw, the surrealism strives for acquitdom, precisely this struggle is rather sonant it does not maintain the idea of political or genial changes, but rather claims for psychological changes.Thus, the purpose of this research is to compare the magical realism of South America and the surrealism of Europe on the examples of ace Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. Evaluating the similarities and differences of these literary trends, the analysis is carve up into several parts. Starting with a statement of the proble m, which proposes at the major idea of the conducted research, the paper goes on with some fond, political and cultural aspects of the magical realism and the surrealism. Chapter 3 presents a general all overview of certain critical sources, which provide their editions of Marquezs and Kafkas literary pisss.The theoretical methods applied for the analysis are discussed in the further section. Chapter 5 provides a detailed comparison between the outlined workings of Marquez and Kafka, paying a particular direction to the principal elements of the magical realism and the surrealism. The summarisation of the received findings is conducted in the Conclusions Chapter, while the final chapter reveals the limitations of the research and gives certain suggestions for further analyses of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Franz Kafka.3 Review of the literatureAs the literary whole kit and boodle of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Franz Kafka belong to rather complex genres of the surrealism and th e magical realism, which are characterised by the unity of contradictory elements, critics provide different interpretations of these authors. Kafkas The Metamorphosis has been analysed by feminists, analysts, postmodernists, structuralists, Marxists and former(a) scholars who utilized various approaches in the process of their research. Gavriel Ben-Ephraim points at the fact that Kafkas The Metamorphosis validates contradictory reading that cancels coherent interpretation1, while Harold Bloom maintains the similar viewpoint.As the researcher claims, my working principle in reading Kafka is to evade interpretation, which only means that what most needs and demands interpretation in Kafkas writing is its perversely deliberate evasion of interpretation2. William Madden draws a line of latitude between Kafka and the principal character of The Metamorphosis, unveil many autobiographical elements in the autobiography and stating that it is literally a authoritative account of a man, life, and the cosmos3. Ralph Friedman expresses the viewpoint that it is best to approach Kafka as a source of realistic fiction and that symbolic representation must be taken into account, but it is not the master discover of Kafkas work4. Evaluating the role of Kafka in worldwide literature, Friedman states that Kafka went his own way No capital artist can be caught in the categories set up by literary historians5.Despite various interpretations of Marquezs work One Hundred Years of Solitude, many critics agree in opinion that Marquezs magical realism demonstrates profound social, historical, cultural and political contexts. According to Stephen Minta, Marquez is inevitably touch with the whole history of his country and continent, and, both as a writer of novels and as a journalist, he has unvaryingly laid stress on the importance of developing alternative sources of history6. Marquezs researcher Regina Janes points out that his Marquezs fellow novelists recognised in the novel a brilliant initiation of many of their own concerns a total novel that treated Latin America socially, historically, politically, mythically, and epically7.In fact, totality of One Hundred Years of Solitude is achieved with the unity of history and ships company although Marquez bes to uncover the history of his region, he simultaneously reveals the history of Latin America, starting with the aboriginal times and finish with the establishment of Western imperialism. Anne Marie Taylor points at the fact that Gabriel Garcia Marquez treats history from two different perspectives on the hotshot hand, it is presented as a crucial tool for the explanation of the past, while, on the other hand, it is an integral part of the recall doses experience.According to Taylor, the characters of Marquezs tarradiddle see the past in general as part of the aviator pattern of recurring events and in particular, as filled with negative ad hominem experiences which they do everything po ssible to repress8. Despite the variety of interpretations of Marquezs and Kafkas kit and caboodle, the further analysis makes an attempt to overcome the existing contradictions and compare One Hundred Years of Solitude with The Metamorphosis, presenting a profound research of the magical realism and the surrealism.4 Research methodologyThe research utilises two theoretical methods a comparative approach and a historical approach, which provide an luck to compare the magical realism of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and the surrealism of Franz Kafka. The aim of the comparative approach is to confine both similarities and differences of the discussed literary movements, revealing unique features of distributively trend and of each literary work. Simultaneously, this approach uncovers a close connection between a literary work and such sciences as psychology or philosophy.However, out-of-pocket to some limitations of the comparative approach, the paper also applies to the historical appr oach to overcome a transparent analysis of differences and similarities and demonstrate interpretations of Marquezs and Kafkas works with the historical perspective, as every literary source is inseparably connected with history. The historical approach takes into account historical periods when certain literary texts are written the received results are further applied to the analysed works that reflect some common features of a particular epoch.Applying to an interpretative perspective, this approach evaluates social, cultural, and political changes that influenced certain aspects of literature9. In addition, the historical approach analyses forms, styles and literary tools of proper(postnominal) literary works, producing various valid interpretations of fiction. According to such historians as Raymond Williams, Steven Zwicker, Kevin Sharpe, and Geoffrey Hughes, the historical analysis of language in a literary work is crucial for the research of political, cultural and social changes10.5 Discussion5.1. The definitions of the magical realism and the surrealismThe magical realism as a notion belongs to a illustrious German critic Franz Roh who applied this particular term to the reality created by artists according to Roh, the magical realism employs various techniques that endow all things with a deeper signification and reveal mysteries that always threaten the secure tranquillity of simple and ingenuous things11. Although the magical realism is a comparatively novel literary movement, some elements of this genre can be found in the works of such famous writers as Honor de Balzac, Nikolay Gogol, Mikhail Bulgakov, Guy de Maupassant, Italo Calvino, Charles Dickens and Fyodor Dostoevsky.However, in South America the concept of magical realism was successfully apply in literature since 1940s to reveal the realistic outlook of American nation. As a challenge to post-colonialism and the prevalence of European cultural determine in various countries of Sout h America, some writers created literary works that began to reflect a definitely new vision of reality that was later regarded as the magical realism.Due to the fact that South America was open(a) to various cultural, social and political conflicts in the nineteenth-twentieth centuries, the magical realism successfully demonstrated the existing complexities of that particular period. In this regard, the magical realism is found on the harmony of contradictory aspects, such as past and present, reason and emotions, reality and unprofitableity. Thus, on the ane hand, this literary trend accepts reality, while, on the other hand, it also accepts supernatural elements as an integral part of this reality12. Unlike the fantastic literary genre, where the created world differs from the real world, the setting in the magical realism is created at bottom the real contemporary world, depicting modern citizenry and social realm, although through and through the fantastic perspective. A ccording to the historical approach, this combination of reality and fantasy can be explained by the survival of Indian nicety inwardly European civilisation. In view of this combination, the magical realism of South America is characterised by such features as irony, hybridity, restraint and the balance between natural and supernatural. As for irony, authors of the magical realism utilise irony to preserve realism within their fantastic contexts however, their fantasy is so real that is almost inconceivable to separate the realm of fantasy from the realm of reality.As the narrators or the characters countermand to fantasy, their reality is changed, and these protagonists no long-run belong to a particular social class rather they belong to the realm of magical reality, which constitutes their own lives. Hybridity is one of the most important features of the magical realism, as it challenges the traditional realistic portrayal, demonstrating that reality is unremarkably more c omplex than it is presented in the majority of literary works. In other words, reality is exposed to constant changes and mixtures, revealing the equilibrium between two extremes.Restraint and the balance between natural and supernatural are closely connected with the previous features writers of the magical realism apply to these literary techniques to prove that any supernatural elements are normal for the protagonists who live within the magical reality. In addition, the magical realism demonstrates various fantastic components that seem rather logical, although this logic is not clarified within the yarn. The best example of the Southern American magical realism is Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a famous Colombian writer, although there are other writers of the magical realism, such as Isabel Allende, Toni Morrison, Ernst Junger, Ben Okri, Mario Vargas Llosa, Jorge Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo and Alejo Carpentier. For instance, The famish Road by Ben Okri reflects such features of the m agical realism as hybridity and restraint, which are demonstrated through the principal characters and the portrayal of social reality.Alejo Carpentier is a South American writer who is k straightwayn for the creation of the notion marvellous reality that defines the literature of new writers after the Second World War. Similar to the magical realism, the surrealism also deals with two realms, but these realms are of different nature. In particular, the surrealism is aimed at observing exterior reality and interior reality in their unity in fact, it is difficult to achieve the unity of two realms, as one reality is social, while another reality is individual.The surrealism as a literary movement was created in the twentieth century and became spread in Europe after the First World War. Originating from the Dada movement, the surrealism in literature is based on positivism, rather than on negativism, although it challenges the traditional understanding of art. In the period of immens e disappointment caused by the war, the surrealists made attempts to renew the lost culture and art, adhering to realism and truthfulness of reflection. For Andre Breton, the author of The Surrealist Manifesto and the founder of the movement in 1924, the surrealism is expressed in the balance between the unconscious and conscious spheres in this regard, dreams and rationality constitute a perfect reality in surrealistic literary works.Thus, the surrealism reflects Freuds psychological theories on the conscious and the unconscious, especially the psychoanalysts ideas of the id and the ego it also rejects the dominance of traditions and reason over imagination. In this context, both the surrealism and the magical realism stress the importance of dreams, treating fantasy as a crucial and serious aspect of reality.However, writers and poets of the surrealism pay much attention to intricate combinations of words, but not to the meanings of these words, complicating their literary piece s and adhering to mysticism of primitive societies. several(prenominal) famous European surrealist authors and poets are Robert Desnos, Louis Aragon, Paul Eluard, Philippe Soupault, Tristan Tzara, Hugo Ball and Jean Cocteau who comfortably maintain the ideas of pure primitivism, but one of the most outstanding writers of the surrealism is surely Franz Kafka, whose major ill-considered stories and novels were published only after his termination.Overall, both the magical realism and the surrealism make attempts to find supernatural in normal things and present reality through a new vision. As a result, literary pieces of the surrealism and the magical realism are characterised by the implementation of new experimental forms, styles, themes and ways of expression, changing the traditional interpretation of fantastic and real, ironic and dramatic. In addition to these common features, the surrealism points at the fact that reality can be understood only through the unconscious. A ccording to such psychologists as Freud and Carl Jung, myths and legends reveal the common unconscious of a particular community that is why many surrealist writers utilise myths for better portrayal of their characters.Simultaneously, myths in the surrealism appear as an connotative opposition to Western cultural traditions and way of thinking. For Freud, civilisation deprives people of their primordial nature, while myths diminish societies to their cultural roots and their true identity. In this regard, writers of the surrealism usually apply to the key feature of the movement automatism, with the help of which they try to reveal the unconscious. Automatism provides the surrealists with an opportunity to express their thoughts and ideas in a freely manner.5.2. The comparison between the magical realism of Gabriel Garcia Marquez and the surrealism of Franz KafkaVarious elements of the magical realism are utilised in the work One Hundred Years of Solitude (Cien Anos de Soledad) written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, where the writer mixes reality and fancy, overcoming profound differences between two realms. preceding(prenominal) all, this mixing of spheres is expressed through the story tone of Marquezs literary masterpiece. Applying to a serious and untouched tone, Gabriel Garcia Marquez manages to implicitly transform inscrutable and worthless events into real occurrences. The tone of his portrayal is so genuine that the whole narration seems natural, while combining the most controversial things. As the writer acknowledges, the key to writing One Hundred Years of Solitude was the idea of utter incredible things with a all told unperturbed face13.Marquez masterfully treats mystical elements, presenting them as an uncompromising truth. For instance, the priest, one of the novels characters, demonstrates the phenomenon of levitation that he performs with the help of chocolate however, the protagonist regards this phenomenon as a normal act of God, claim ing that now we shall witness an undeniable proof of the infinite power of God14. Thus, Marquez shut ins the ridiculous elements into his fantastic realm so unnoticeably that the readers accept them as natural things of their world. Introducing such supernatural elements as flying objects, carnivalesque and levitation, Marquez also applies to irony, symbolism and biography distance. But the standard pressure of domesticity provides Marquez with an opportunity to gradually turn from fantasy to reality in this regard, the introduction of Ursula into the narration serves this particular purpose.As Ricardo Gullon points out, Ursulas execute is to impregnate the fictional space with everybody realities so that the marvellous may lay it smoothly15. Other episodes of Marquez narration also demonstrate the writers skilful ability to switch from the supernatural to the real portrayal. This is especially smart in the episode that describes Jose Arcadios death A trickle of profligate c ame out under the door, crossed the living room, went out into the street, continued on in a straight line across the uneven terraces and went through the pantry and came out in the kitchen, where Ursula was getting ready to crack thirty-six eggs to make bread16.Despite its unusual and mystical portrayal, the death of Arcadio is perceived as real due to the precise style of expression and the description of day-by-day life. As in the real world, some people in Marquezs novel die, while other characters continue to lead their usual existence. Maintaining the similar tone for the portrayal of real and unreal things, Marquez neer allows it to become evident, by interjection or amazement, that there may be a substantial difference between the extraordinary and the commonplace17. The writer makes no attempt to question any supernatural elements or events kind of Marquez treats mysterious and real things in the similar way, revealing their mutual coexistence. For instance, a flying ca rpet is a normal phenomenon for the citizens of Macondo, it is the reality that evokes no doubts.As Marquez claims, this time, along with many other artifices, they the gypsies brought a flying carpet. But they did not offer it as a fundamental contribution to the development of transport, rather as an object of recreation18. Applying to such exaggerated portrayals of people and things, Marquez creates an atmosphere of reality that seems logical and natural. On the other hand, such portrayals allow Marquez to introduce the comic elements into the narration utilising certain hyperboles, the writer at the same time presents them as reasonable.In his portrayal of Melquiades, Marquez states that He was a fugitive from all the plagues and catastrophes that had ever lashed mankind But in spite of his immense wisdom and his mysterious breadth, he had a human burden, an earthly condition that unploughed him involved in the small problems of daily life19. Although this exaggeration seems u nreal for the modern world, it is absolutely normal for the fictitious world created by Marquez. The same regards other hyperboles, such as it rained for four years, eleven months, and two old age20. Despite the fact that this hyperbole contradicts the existing reality, its accurate definition reveals the rigorousness of the catastrophe and implicitly points at the probable consequences of the occurred incident.Thus, Marquezs principal narrative tool is the mixture of fantasy and exaggeration presented through the fictitious reality, as is especially obvious in the following utterance The world was so recent that many things omited names, and in order to indicate them it was necessary to point21. However, despite its fantastic elements and its fictional setting in the place of Macondo, One Hundred Years of Solitude reveals the true historical past of capital of South Carolina and the ironical social reality.As history is inseparably connected with culture, Marquezs work demonstrat es a profound historico-cultural context. Simultaneously, One Hundred Years of Solitude reflects a considerable impact of Kafkas The Metamorphosis on the germinal work of Marquez. While Kafka renovates the fable, adjusting it to the contemporary daily life, Marquez puts the fable within the strange, but familiar modern environment. In The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung) Franz Kafka portrays a psyche who leads a life created by his family and society, finally transforming into an insect.In his surrealistic portrayal Kafka applies to symbolism, similar to Marquez, to demonstrate persons alienation in the cruel reality and reveal that this reality is not exposed to any logic. Suffering from the constant domination of his mystify, Kafka turns to an implicit way of expression to oppose this terrifying control. In this regard, Kafkas surrealism is expressed in the portrayal of mysterious and spiritual things through the bureaucratic perspective while Marquezs magical realism is revealed through the fictitious romanticism that uncovers real social and historical events of South America. interchangeable Marquez, Kafka bases The Metamorphosis on contradictions and absurdity, on the extremes of reality and fantasy however, his manner of expression is gentle and inconsequent. At the same time, Kafka, similar to the author of One Hundred Years of Solitude, pay much attention to the details, intensifying the narration. On the other hand, while Marquez combines seriousness with irony in his interpretation of the occurred events, Kafka uncovers his story through a philosophical perspective. Every thought or dream in Kafkas narration evokes certain reflections and emotions in readers for instance, the following expressions reveal stupefys attitude towards his son, as Gregor changes into a vermin His engender involved his fist with a fierce expression on his face as if he meant to knock Gregor seat into his room22 or at any moment the stick in his fathers hand might hit him a fatal blow on the back or on the manoeuvre23.However, despite the fact that Kafkas critics throw subtle irony in The Metamorphosis, the whole narration demonstrates profound irony, as the writer makes an attempt to reveal that persons life is a temporary existence that is under the control of fate. In this regard, the real meaning of life is to preserve his/her own identity under the pressure of society and family, but not to attain wealth or high social position. Maintaining a rather objective viewpoint, the writer creates a sole protagonist Gregor Samsa who embodies Kafkas own self-importance and his own existence thus Kafkas story is autobiographic. For instance, at the beginning of the story Kafka provides the following description He Gregor was lying on his hard, as it were armor-plated, back and when he lifted his head a little he could see his dome-like belly divided into annoyed arched segments24.The writer applies to such portrayals passim the narration, implicitl y revealing his own suffering and intensifying realism of his descriptions. As Kafka once claims to Felice Bauer, I was just now too miserable to get out of bed Ill write you again today, even though I still have to effort around a lot and shall write down a short story that occurred to me during my misery in bed and oppressed me with inmost chroma25. When Gregor ponders over his job of a travelling seller, he thinks that he has chosen this work, while in reality Gregor does not have a superior in this particular matter, as he works without salary to return the debt of his family.Kafka also worked as a travelling seller, and he embodied his worry to change his job and his life in the short story. Thus, The Metamorphosis deals with a sudden change as Gregor transforms into a vermin, his life and his inner self become completely different. Gregors change is the first occurrence in his life over which no one (including he) had any control26. Despite the negative consequences of t his transformation, it allows Gregors hidden self to emerge, the self that had been stifled for so many years27.In this regard, Kafkas surrealism stresses the importance of finding ones self Gregors transformation provides him with an opportunity to receive freedom, thus in his death likewise he is both extinguished and set free28. In fact, according to Martin Greenberg, the first sentence of The Metamorphosis announces Gregor Samsas death and the rest of the story is his slow dying29. In the first instances of his conversion, Gregor is overwhelmed with the questions of daily routine however, as the protagonist adjusts to his new image, he starts to ponder over the vital issues of existence.Simultaneously, Gregor is no longer afraid of death, as his death is a liberating realisation. Gregor says, Yes, to his own death and dies reconciled with himself and with the New World30. Therefore, Kafkas symbolism demonstrates his own opposition to society, in which he lives, his opposition t o the existing social stereotypes and biases. Gregors physical and psychological transformation occurs, because the character is no longer able to withstand his routine life and the pressure of his family.According to Thorlby, in The Metamorphosis the writer reveals that man is hopelessly and inappropriately situated in the world as a beetle would be in a human family31. As a result, Gregor looses his human features, implicitly revealing his wavering to belong to the human race. As William Madden points out, In his story, Kafka has undoubtedly exorcised some personal devils, notably his ambivalent feelings towards his father Hermann32. In view of such interpretation, Kafkas philosophy is closely connected with psychoanalysis of Freud similar to other surrealist writers, Kafka, on the example of Gregor, demonstrates a struggle between the unconscious animal(prenominal) instincts and the conscious human reason.The unconscious receives victory in this struggle, as Gregor completely l ooses any human features, thus revealing the importance of the unconscious for a human being. On the other hand, Kafka points at the fact that Gregors want of human features occurs only when society and family reject him. As Gregor realises that his own parents are cruel to him, he looses any wish to be a human and dies. According to Corngold, Gregors metamorphosis into a disgusting insect seems to incarnate the fathers opinion of his son33.The Metamorphosis reveals the destroying impact of fathers behaviour on Kafkas mentality throughout the narration Kafka applies to the descriptions of such attitude, like in the following portrayal from behind his father gave him a strong push which was literally a deliverance and he flew far into the room, bleeding freely34.Kafkas surrealistic way of expression is rather shocking, as in the following portrayal, if he Gregor tried to diverge a leg, it first straightened out and he finally succeeded in fetching charge of it, the other legs mea nwhile all kept carrying on, as if emancipated, in extreme and painful agitation35. But the writer raises crucial issues of existence, revealing that modern society conforms to certain stereotypes, which may destroy a persons identity and life. The issue of death is also implicitly shown throughout Kafkas narration, in fact, it is the major theme of The Metamorphosis. Similar to the balance between the realms of the conscious and the unconscious, surrealist writers draw a parallel between life and death.Kafkas treatment of death reflects his obsession with death under complex life conditions.As Gregor transforms into a vermin, he starts to realise that all his life is a simple illusion and that all his beliefs are false. The protagonist experiences loneliness and loss, rejection and lack of understanding. As a result, Gregor isolates himself from the rest of the world, and this closing off causes the characters destruction. In this regard, Gregor Samsa resembles Jose Arcadio Buendia , the character of Marquezs work One Hundred Years of Solitude, as both Gregor and Jose are destroyed by their isolation.However, Marquez and Kafka treat the theme of isolation differently in The Metamorphosis Gregors isolation destroys only him, positively influencing all members of his family and uniting them. Before Gregors transformation, the Samsas family morally degrades, but Gregor saves them. As Rudolph Binion rightfully points out, It is beneficent to his family Gregors decline revitalizes them and so by way of his morbid choice, a free and deliberate one in the end, Gregor acquires tragic self-worth36. In view of this fact, Gregor is usually compared with Jesus Christ this allegoric parallel reveals that Kafkas surreali

Synthesis of Strontitum Hexaferrites Nanoparticals

Synthesis of Strontitum Hexaferrites NanoparticalsABSTRACTThe SrFe12O19 is hard magnetised material (hexa-ferrite) with magnetoelectric machine plum bite structure . It has attract such(prenominal) attention in by few decades due to their Scientific proficient applications in the absolute frequency rages of zap to radio frequency. Due to utilize for tall frequency application in multilayer chip inductor. This is due to high magneto watch glassline anisotropy , highschool curie temperature, High Electrical immunity High Di-electric constant as well as high vividness ( charismatic intensity Coericivity).The Dielectric magnetized properties of hexa-ferrites materials in the nano regime are signifi hatfultly incompatible from their bulk materials.The exit in this thesis consists of trey aspects,Synthesis of strontitum hexaferrites nanoparticals by Non-convetional Citrate precursor method (chemical method).Effect of Annealing Temperature on Magnetic properties of strontitum hexaferrites.Effect of Structural , Electrical ocular properties hold up been analyse.These samples were characterized through roentgenogram diffraction for its size properties. The particle size was obdurate in scherrers formula. The samples were studied for their full report maneuvering their magnetised properties based on the hysteresis spiral system for the samples watchful at the two temperatures through VSM . Electrical optical properties have been examined through Impedance analyzer Photo Luminance.2. Literature refreshSince the Discovery of the M type hexagonal ferrites in 1950s . It has beingness of gravidInterest due to its application as permanent magnetised materials perpendicularRecording media. Due to its low cost, the main reason for its great success at moderatemagnetic properties. Various works has been carried to flummox hexa-ferrite by variousmethods and their properties has been investigated. On other hand extensive work hasbeen don e to understand the effect of various dopant. It is lay down the doping of metal ion, archaic earth ion substantially effects their properties. Work carried out in past few years on different playing methods and different dopants are given belowStructural and magnetic properties of La3+substituted atomic number 38 hexaferrite nanoparticles disposed(p) by citrate precursor method 16Ankush Thakur,R.R. Singh, P.B. Barman , Lanthanum (La3+) doped The effects of La3+on magnetic properties have been analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometer and discussed. The results presentation that the coercivity has been improved by surrogate of La3+on iron sites coercivity assess found to be increase with increase in La3+ . La 3+doped steradian ferrite, prepared by citrate precursor technique, have been analyzed by designates of roentgen ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM,FTIR and inductance capacitance metro meter bridge. The XRD analysis shows that crystalline ferrite signifier with hexago nal structure. when the precursor calcined at 900C for 5h. The crystallite size is found in the range of 3138nm and the elementary musical theme has been examined by energy dispersive X-ray. The dc electrical resistivity has been found to be increased with increasing La3+content.Synthesis of strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles prepared using co-precipitation method and microemulsion processing 17ADrmota,A.nidari andAKoak , atomic number 38 hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) nanoparticles have been prepared with co-precipitation in aqueous solutions and precipitation in microemulsion system wet/SDS/n- simplyanol/cyclohexane, calcined in a wide temperature range, from 350 C to vitamin C0 C in a static air atmosphere. The influence of the Sr2+/Fe3+molar ratio and the calcination temperature to the chemistry of the production formation, its crystallite size, morphology and magnetic properties were investigated. It was found that the formation of wholeness phase SrFe12O19with comparatively h igh particular proposition magnetization (54 Am2/kg) was achieved at the Sr2+/Fe3+molar ration of 6.4 and calcination at 800 C for 3h with heating/cooling rate 5 C/min.The specific magnetization (DSM-10, magneto-susceptometer) of the samples was measured.Preparation and investigation of magnetic properties of MnNiTi-substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles18M. Mozaffari, A. Arab,M.H. Yousefi, J. AmighianM-type strontium hexaferrite powders with substitution of Mn2+, Ni2+and Ti4+ions for Fe3+ions has been prepared via the conventional ceramic method. In order to get nanoparticles, the obtained powders were mill close in a high energy SPEX mill for 1h. XRD investigations of the unmilled and milled powders show that the prepared samples are all single phase hexaferrite. Lattice parameters and mean crystallite sizes of the powders were determined from the XRD data and Scherrers formula. TEM was used to analyze their structures, magnetizations and coercivities of the samples in a magnetic field of 15kOe have been determined from the hysteresis loops. It was found that magnetizations of the milled samples were little than the magnetization of the unmilled samples.Synthesis, magnetic and dielectric properties of ErNi doped Sr-hexaferrite nanomaterials for applications in High density recording media and microwave devices 19Muhammad Naeem Ashiqa,,Muhammad Javed Iqbalb, Muhammad Najam-ul-Haqa,Pablo Hernandez Gomezc,Ashfaq Mahmood QureshiaA sol gelatin combustion method has been successfully employed for the synthesis of Sr-hexaferrite nanomaterials doped with Er3+and Ni2+at strontium and iron sites, respectively. A Simple and economic method has been used for synthesis of materials. The main aim for substitution of ErNi in Sr-hexaferrite is to improve magnetic properties and to reduce the crystallite size. We are able to improve the saturation magnetization and remanence with the doping of ErNi. Crystallite size is in the range 1614nm, which is much smaller than that reported earlier. Dielectric constant is reduced which makes the material competent for microwave devices.Crystallization kinetics of strontium hexaferrite Correlation to structural, morphological, dielectric and magnetic properties 20Ankush Thakur,R. R. Singh,P. B. BarmanCitrate precursor technique has been used to synthesize strontium hexaferrite and reported here. The vitreous silica process for ferrite phase formation has been investigated by TG/DTG/DTA for three different heating rates in air atmosphere. The thermal process mainly consists of three essential steps first removal of water residues second detheme of organic compound and the third step is crystallization of SrF12O19. The activation energy of reaction is, 157 KJ/ counterspy, evaluated using non-isothermal kinetic model. The precursor and shape SrF12O19samples have been characterized for structural, chemical, morphological, dielectric and magnetic properties Using XRD, FTIR, FESEM,LCR meter bridge and VS M respectively. work of annealing temperature and doping rate on the magnetic properties of ZrMn substituted Sr-hexaferrite nanoparticles 21Muhammad Javed Iqbala,Muhammad Naeem Ashiqb,Pablo Hernndez-Gmezc,Jos mutilatea Muoz Muozc,Carlos Torres CabreracA series of M-type strontium hexaferrite samples having nominal composition SrZrxMnxFe122xO19(wherex=0.00.8) has been synthesized by the co-precipitation method. All the samples synthesized were of single magnetoplumbite phase. The particle size was found to be in the 4065nm range for the samples annealed at 1193K while the samples annealed at 1443K were in the 100200nm range. The saturation magnetization increase with temperature and reached maxima for the samples annealed at 1393K and then start to return while the coercivity decreases regularly with temperature.Structural evolution and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19nanofibers by electrospinning 22Xiangqian Shen,Mingquan Liu,Fuzhan Song,Xianfeng MengThe SrFe12O19/poly (vinyl pyrr olidone) (PVP) manifold fiber precursors were prepared by the sol-gel assisted electrospinning with ferric process, strontium nitrate and PVP as starting reagents. M-type strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19) nanofibers were derived from calcination of these precursors at 7501,000C.The composite precursors and strontium ferrite nanofibers were characterized by FTIR , XRD, SEM VSM .After calcined at 750C for 2h the single M-type strontium ferrite phase is formed by reactions of iron oxide and strontium oxide produced during the precursor decomposition process. The nano fiber morphology, diameter, crystallite size and perforate morphology are mainly influenced by the calcination temperature and holding time. The SrFe12O19nano fibers characterized with diameters of around 100nm and a necklace-like structure obtained at 900C for 2h, which is fabricated by nano sized particles about 60nm with the plate-like morphology elongated in the preferred direction perpendicular to thec-axis, show the optimized magnetic property with saturation magnetization 59Am2kg1and coercivity 521kAm1. It is found that the single eye socket critical size for these M-type strontium ferrite nanofibers is around 60nm.Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of CrZn doped strontium hexa-ferrites for high frequency applications 23G. Asghar, M. Anis-ur-RehmanM-type strontium hexa-ferrite nano particles with composition SrFe122xCrxZnxO19(X=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) were prepared by co-precipitation method and are reported for the first time. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Cr and Zn ions in the strontium hexa-ferrite lattice. Structural morphology studied by SEM revealed that CrZn doping inhabits the grain growth. Dielectric measurements were taken as a function of frequency in the range (10kHz to 3MHz). Both dielectric constants and dielectric losses were found to be decreasing with the increase in CrZn concentration. As CrZn doping favored the decrease in dielectric losses to a large extent (0.320.02) so the strontium hexa-ferrite with these dopants is very efficacious for high frequency applications.Influence of the iron content on the formation process of substituted CoNd strontium hexaferrite prepared by the citrate precursor method 24S.E. Jacobo ,C. Herme , P.G. Bercoff atomic number 38 hexa ferrite samples of different composition were prepared by the self-combustion method and heat-treated in air at 1100C for 2h SrFe12O19(S0), Sr0.7Nd0.3Fe11.7Co0.3O19(SS), Sr0.7Nd0.3Fe10.7Co0.3O19(SM) and Sr0.7Nd0.3Fe8.4Co0.3O19(SL). The phase designation of the powders was performed using XRD. Only sample SL (with the lowest iron concentration) shows well-defined peaks of the hexaferrite phase with no secondary phases. NdCo substitution modifies saturation magnetization (MS) and coercivity (Hc) but only samples with low Fe3+content (SL and SM) show the best magnetic properties, indicating that the best results for applications of this ferri te will be obtained with an iron deficiency in the stoichiometric formulation.Solgel hydrothermal synthesis of strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles and the relation between their crystal structure and high coercivity properties 25Thi Minh Hue Dang1, Viet Dung Trinh1, Doan Huan Bui1, Manh Huong Phan2and Dang Chinh Huynh1Hard magnetic strontium hexaferrite SrFe12O19nanoparticles were synthesized by the solgel hydrothermal method. The factors affecting the synthesized process, such as the mole proportion of the reactants, pH, temperature, the hydrothermal conditions and the calcination process, have been investigated. The crystal structures of these materials were refined by Rietveld method. The obtained materials have single crystal phase, equal nano-size, plate shape and high anisotropy. The high magnetic coercivity of 6.3kOe with the magnetization at 11.1kOe of 66emug1at room temperature was discover for the strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles. For other nanoparticles (SrLnxFe12-xO1 9and SrFe12O19/CoFe2O4) synthesized on the basis of SrFe12O19the complex completion of the crystal structure distortion and the interaction between magnetic phases were observed.Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultrafine Strontium Hexaferrite Nanoparticles 26Darinka Primc1,Miha Drofenik1,2and Darko Makovec1Ultrafine strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) nanoparticles have been synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of an appropriate suspension of Sr and Fe hydroxides in the presence of a large excess of OHat temperatures between 130 and one hundred seventy C. To avoid the parallel formation of any(prenominal) undesired hematite (-Fe2O3) during the synthesis, a large excess of Sr in the starting composition (Fe/Sr = 3) had to be used. When the treatment was performed below 170 C, ultrafine nanoparticles were formed. The TEM images show they have a disc-like shape, approximately 12 nm wide, but only around 4 nm thick. The EDS analysis showed their composition corresponded to SrFe12O19. When the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment exceeded 170 C, larger hexagonal thrombocyte crystals appeared as a consequence of Ostwald ripening. The evolution of the size and morphology of the nanoparticles with the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment was also monitored by XRD and measurement of the magnetic properties.A Simple Method for Synthesis of Strontium Ferrite Nanoparticles and their Polymeric Nanocomposites 27G. Nabiyounia*, A. Yousofnejada, M. Seraja, S. Farshad Akhtarianfarb ,D. GhanbaribHard magnetic SrFe12O19(SrM) nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile sonochemical reaction. The magnetic nanoparticles were then added to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polystyrene, polycarbonate,and poly sulfone to make magnetic nanocomposites. The magnetic properties of the samples were also investigated using an alternate(a) gradient force magnetometer. The strontium ferrite nanoparticles exhibited ferrimagnetic behaviour at room temperature, with a satur ation magnetization of 39 emu/g and a coercivity of 5070 Oe.The distribution of the SrFe12O19nanoparticles into the polymeric matrixes increases the coercivity.Magnetic, physical and electrical properties of ZrNi-substituted co-precipitated strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles 28Muhammad Javed Iqbala ,Muhammad Naeem Ashiqa,Pablo Hernandez-Gomezb, Jose Maria MunozbA series of ZrNi-substituted strontium hexaferrite materials, SrZrxNixFe122xO19(x=0.00.8), was synthesized by the co-precipitation method and the crystallite size determined to be in the range of 3047nm. The saturation magnetization increased from 72 to 98kAm1while coercivity decreased from 1710 to 428Oe with ZrNi substitution. This improvement in both(prenominal) these properties makes these materials suitable for applications in recording media. The increase in resistivity suggests that the synthesized materials can be useful for application in microwave devices.Structural and electromagnetic characteristics of substitut ed strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles 29Ali Ghasemia,,Akimitsu MorisakobSubstituted strontium ferrite SrFe9(Mn0.5Co0.5Zr)3/2O19has been prepared from solgel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vector network analyzer, were used to analyze the structure and energizing magnetic properties. Powders of sample show a hexagonal fine platelet structure and narrow particle size distribution. Based on microwave measurement on reflectivity, SrFe9(Mn0.5Co0.5Zr)3/2O19may be a good candidate for electromagnetic compatibility and other practical applications at high frequency.

the performance of Dubai Islamic Bank

the work of Dubai Moslem BankDubai Muslim trust is a beach that flips function relate to to Islamic sharia. In the socio-economic class 2009 the jibe revenue gained by the bank was 5,133 (million AED) as comp atomic number 18d to the report of FY 2008 the top revenue had diminutiond by 2.6%, and the total profit pull in by the bank was 1,207.49 (million AED) a net decrease of 22.31% as comp bed to the FY 2008, with the total assets of AED 90.14 billion in the year 2010, the bank stands among iodine of the largest Islamic banks in the bea, shortly the bank has a customer pes of 1.2 billion which is quite appraisable customer belowcoat when comp ard with separatewise banks.The sh atomic number 18 hurt of DIB is computed to 2.22 AED (per appoint) updated latest to 31st march, 2011, the net value of the grocery store cap is evaluated to 8,429 (million AED), the endeavor value is evaluated to 7,450 (million AED), and the net sh ars outstanding is evaluated to 3, 797 (million AED).The net capital base of Dubai Islamic bank counts up to AED 10.53 billion as of December 2010, which is 17.2% higher(prenominal)er than the precedent year?B. strategic posture1. Missionthe Dubai Islamic bank is genuinely providing services same(p) retail banking, private banking, johara banking, incorporated banking, mobile banking, shout out banking, online banking, sharia plug-in services, structure trade pay, treasury and enthronization, project financing, syndication services, wealthiness bedment services, subscriber line banking, investment banking, contracting finance services, and real body politic finance. The DIB is incorporated in solely told these services because they want to expand their orbital cavity in terms of banking and investment services in al well(p)-nigh two field, so as to compete with opposite players in the business.2. ObjectivesThe communitys main quarry is to setup its securities industry each(prenominal) across t he human and to expand them as much as possible, and to addition its customer base so as to sum up their revenues and popularity in the global market.3. StrategiesThe main neutral of DIB is to diversify and manage organic growth, as growth in any sector is a must for a party e limitedly a banking kitty where the opportunities ar endless for any grass DIB is foc using studyly on the diversifying of its business, and this dodging is rattling much tenacious with the missions that is stated by the bank.The other strategies of DIB includes expansion of its branches and the maturation in its overall customer base, this scheme of DIB helps DIB to expand its trade in other countries of the world too. The increase in overall customer base is an obvious strategy of any banking green goddess as the profit and revenues earned by any banking firm is dependent on the issue that to a bang-uper extent the customers the bank has the more is its profit earned.4. PoliciesThe major pol icies of DIB includes conversions of key Islamic economic policies into firm practices for the need of mankind and to welf atomic number 18 them with the Islamic policies, the policies of the DIB is consistent with the mission, objectives and strategies of the corpo balancen as the end user of any firm is the consumer itself, and if the consumer is non bright with the confederacys policies and services consequently e rattling strategy of that association is vain, and also the companys policies atomic number 18 consistent with e truly orthogonal and innate surroundal features.The companys major strategy includes the expansion of branches and the addition of new customers to the companys customer base these policies reflect the companys multinational and global avocation strategy.2. Corporate governanceA. The circuit venire of governanceThe board of governance of the corporation consists of H.E. Mohammad Ibrahim abdulrahman alshaibani as the death chair, H.E. Sheikh K halid bin zayed al nehayan as the vice chairman, ahmad Mohammad saeed bin humaidan as the director, saeed Mubarak Abdulla Mohammad al muhairi as the director, abdulrahman hareb Rashed alhareb as the director, tariq humaid matar mohammad al tayer as the director.They all are the external employees of the corporation i.e. they are non-executive members of the corporation i.e. they dont take part in any decision do processes of the corporation. This theme of executives consists of the nobble management of the company.The internal or the elderly management members of the coporation consist mainly of Abdulla ali al hamli as the master(prenominal) executive officer, ahmed fathy al-gebali as the chief fiscal officer of the corporation. These persons are the part of the senior(a) management i.e. they throw cultivate in all the decisions making and strategy making discussions and processes.These executives curb of the internal management or the senior management of the company and heterogeneous in major decision making processes of the corporation.All the internal and the external members of the corporation that is discussed above especially the non-executive members hold material part in the stocks.The stocks are publically held by few of the major acquisitions are held by many other peoples and companies, also the stock is traded in the market, with some of the board members acquiring major shares of the corporation.Some board members are the permanent board members of the corporation and they are in the non-executive base of the corporation and thitherby they are the permanent members of the company, besides the senior management members are not-permanent members of the corporation, the chief fiscal officer of the corporation is the newest member on the board of directors as he had joined the company in the year 2011 itself.The top management consists of chairman itself and the other directors of the company, though the non-executive members dont take part in some decisions solely in major decisions akin acquisitions and budget related discussions their involvement is must.B. flower managementThe top management of the company comprise of H.E. mohammad Ibrahim as the chairman, H.E. dandy khaled bin zayed al nehayan as the vice chairman, ahmed mohammad saeed bin humaidan as the director, saeed Mubarak Abdulla Mohammad al muhairi as the director, abdulrahman hareb Rashed alhareb as the director, they all are part of the non-executive board.But the major part in the decision making policies are taken by the senior management group or the top management group i.e. the chief executive officer and the CFO of the corporation.The board members of the corporation declare a signifi roll in the hayt knowledge of the world(prenominal) market and of market policies and as the key peoples are experienced enough wherefore they contribute a significant kernel of knowledge to the corporation and thereby taking the corporation to the next l evel.The companys senior management is highly skilled and are capable of taking the company to a new height, the CFO for ex. had joined the corporation in the year 2011 itself, the CFOs profile shows that he has a very unassailable directorial base, he had worked for boubyan bank as a CFO and various other investment houses, thereby he had gained enough experience and he had served for many companies and so his skills must be remarkable.The companys senior management had learned a imperious strategy to be implied, some of them are global acquisitions and expansion of business.The companys senior management interacts with the lower level passenger vehicles and the board of directors quite frequently as they are keen to make new strategies and decisions for the company and they believe in including every whiz in the process of decision making.The companys decisions are quite ethical as the companys main motive is to use the teaching of Islam for the welfare of mankind in econom ic terms.The top management is highly skilled and is expected to go the company in future and to cope up with any bother instilling the corporation.3. External environment opportunities and threatsA. cancel physical environmentaside from banking the bank is also engaged in harvest-tides and services like textile products, aluminum fixtures, motor vehicles.Products like Aluminum fixtures and textiles depend on the sustainability of the environment i.e. textiles are do from cotton and other natural products and aluminum are obtained through mining therefore the climate of the place plays a very distinguished share in the instruction of products of DIB. Apart from the climate one more natural strength that acts the manucircumstanceuring of DIBs products is availability of water in enough quantity, and natural disasters. The opportunities for DIB in these sectors are limitless but the hardly thing that matters is that how they could implement their strategies into their pr oducts and services.All these guides return different appropriates in different countries of the world for ex. climatic and weather conditions are different in different countries of world, for ex. in Africa and Asia where climate are suitable for the growth of cotton and jute products, moreover natural disasters and calamities also depends on the location of the manufacturing plants of DIB for ex. in countries like Japan, and Hawaii where seism and volcanoes are frequent. Solar winds and sun spots also affect the enclothe as it destroys the crop.B. societal environmentThe major factors that are affecting the product manufacturing are economical forces, technological forces, policy-making forces, and socio-cultural forces.The economic forces are the force that defines a corporations power in the market in terms of revenues and share price, therefore economic forces are also very great forces that influence the manufacturing of products and services.The technological forces are also one of the or so important forces which affect a companys manufacturing of products and other technological processes. The other forces that affects a companys manufacturing of products and services are political forces, these are the forces which summates into play when the company had to make major political decisions about its company when trading in own outlandish or in other country. The socio cultural forces are the forces that define the environment that surrounds the company, i.e. in UAE the socio cultural environment are different whereas if DIB leave setup its branches in other countries of world like India, or USA then they nurse to face a total different environment and that leave behind affect the bank.All these forces varies at other places of the world as the technological development of one country can be very unspoiled and DIB can take the exceed use of that, and the political forces also depends on the fount of country they are dealing with for ex. whether the country is an democracy, monarchy, anarchy etc. all these forces plays a very rattling social occasion in the development of a company in any country, especially for DIB it is a very important factor and the strategies of DIB should include techniques to tackle with political situations in other countries. Socio-cultural is by far the close to important aspect for DIB as DIB is fuse on the teachings of Quran and believes in its principles, therefore there may exist a line between them and customers when the bank operates in non-Muslim country.C. task environment there are six major forces that drive a companys industry competitor these areThreat of new entrants these forces vary from country to country, these forces are of high ventures because there restrain been chances always that new entrants enters the market, and if the flavour of products and services provided by them are proved to be good then obviously the sr. players has to suffer, more or less.Barga ining power of buyers the bargaining power of buyers depends from country to country and according to situation, this force is rated as a medium force as not many buyers bargain on products i.e. good in quality.Threat of substitute products and services the threat of substitute products and services are always high as any company can come up with an idea of better substituted product, and if that product is better than the companys product then the company has to suffer.Bargaining power of suppliers bargaining power of suppliers is high as the supplier is the person whose quality of raw material decides the overall quality of product.Rivalry among competing firms the rivalry among competing firms is of medium type as the rivalry depends on the number of competitors in the market and the quality of products they manufacture.Relative power of unions, governments, special interest groups, etc. have a high affect on the company as the companys trade at any place is subjected to the fact that they have good or not so good relations with the government of that country.D. Summary of external factorsSocio-economic and task environment are the most important for the company and to the industry in which it is lively competing.Sustainability issues forget be important for the company in the future.4. Internal environment strength and weaknessA. corporate structureThe decision making authority is centralized roughly one group of person which are known as the top management of the company.The corporation is organized on the basis of all these factors like functions, projects, and geography.The structure of the organization is pretty much clear as there is only one major group of decision makers and that is constituted under the top management of the company.The companys trustworthy structure consists of highly skilled international level CEOs and CFOs and as the companys main objective and strategy are consistent with the expansion of the company, therefore the presen t structure of the company is consistent with the firms international operations.This type of structure can be seen in similar organizations as every company has a top level of management that decides all the strategies and procedures for any company.B. corporate coatingThe culture of DIB is well emerged culture and is dispassionate of shared beliefs, expectations and values.The current culture of DIB is very much consistent with the corporations current objectives, strategies, policies and programs as the major objective of the corporation is to expand their business.Environmental constancy means a lot to DIB as some of their products are related to environment and other natural factors their work culture is defined by the environmental objectives.The corporation is well known for its banking basics and current berth in the world, the bank is one of the top banks in this world to offer banking services related to Islamic sharia. The bank is internationalizing itself i.e. it is expanding their trade in other countries of the world.The culture is somewhat not very consistent with the employees background i.e. they forget prefer those peoples who believes in Islamic sharia principles and according to them who have Islamic ethics. Thus much diversity in background is not encountered in the bank.The bank usually acts in Muslim based countries like UAE, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq etc. therefore it does not have much problems in this countries, but if we have to consider other countries that is not Muslim oriented then the corporation might find some problem in coping up the culture of that country.C. corporate mental imagerys1. MarketingA. the current marketing objective of the company is to expand their market all over the world, and to increase the number of customers. Strategies that DIB is applying to slay this objective are clear and are consistent with the objectives and strategies of the company and are not implied just for mere implications.The 4ps i.e. pr oduct, price, place, promotion are the fields where the bank is doing exceptionally well, however there have been an ir-regulation functioning of the bank for ex. the net income of the bank is 2,696 (AED m) in 2005, 4,577 (AED m) in 2006, 6,083 (AED m) in 2007, 5,270 (AED m) in 2008, and 5,133 (AED m) in 2009. The market of the bank is not very big in the current scenario but it is doing very good in Muslim countries and considered as one of the best(p) muslim banks in the world. The bank is gaining its market in the muslim countries and loosing it in non- muslim countries. A high percentage of revenue were collected from the developed region as the number of wealthy customers who can take win of the services provided by DIB is more in developed regions.The bank is not consistent considering the revenue generated by it in the five year finis from 2005-2009. The current and past performance of the corporation is the base for its future performance the bank has to make strategies to increase their performance.Companys marketing performance is very good though they are facing a competition from leading banks like abu dhabi commercial bank, emirates NBD bank.Though the DIB operates on Islamic principles but the motorbuss of DIB is still using traditional marketing techniques in terms of product lifecycle, market segmentation, market research etc.Usually DIB dont have to face different culture therefore it is not very difficult for them to market them in other regions or countries.Marketing manager considers all the major aspects of environmental sustainability when making decisions, a marketing managers role is very crucial in strategic making process as he has to suggest marketing policies when trading in some other country.2. FinanceThe corporations current financial objective is to increase their net revenue collected, all the financial strategies, objectives, and policies are based on this fact. These facts are clearly stated and implied just not for the pastime of show off but performing as well. These financial strategies if implied depart be proved to be beneficial for the company.The companys efficiency ratio change magnitude to .43 according to the stats of sep-2010, the debt to capital ratio increased by a ratio of 9.91 according to the data of sep-2010, the earning per share of the company increased by a ratio of 0.07 according to the data of sep-2010. The earnings per share increased by a ratio of 0.32. the operating cost of the company went up by 33.88% of sales.The investors expect that the price of the shares will go up in the current fiscal year. The trend in the companys financial stability is unstable i.e. it was neer been consistent. No significant difference was reported when statements were calculated in incessant versus reported dollars.The past trends will surely affect the future performance of the company as the new CFO will develop strategy that will cope up the net loss. The finance of the company is by f ar considered good but the company can very well utilize their resources to increase the financial stability.The company is facing challenge from some of Dubais lead Muslim banks in terms of finance, the financial managers are like a shot using traditional finance concepts and techniques to solve their finance related problems.The financial situation of the company is different in different parts of the world depending on the economy of that place for ex. developed and evolution regions.Financial managers role is very crucial in the strategic management process, as finance is the most important section in a banking sector.3. Research and developmentThe corporation besides concentrating on its banking services is also indulged in marrow squash sectors like textiles, and aluminum fixtures. These strategies are meant to increase the products and services of the company and to increase their business. These strategies are consistent with the corporations mission, objectives, strategi es and policies.The technology that they use to implement their policies plays a great role in manufacturing processes.The RD of the companys new services gives the company a combative advantage, the return from the new products and services is not much because it is the newest field in the companys yard.The RD of the company depends on the environmental and climatic conditions of that country, companys technological discontinuity plays a vital role because the technology plays the most vital role in the manufacturing processes.The RD manager plays a very role in the companys strategic management process.4. trading operations and logisticsThe companys current manufacturing/service objectives, strategies and policies are clearly implemented and implied from performance and budget, the companys policies and strategies are in consent with the companys main policies, strategy, and objectives. The company has to face problems in the external and internal environment regarding logistic s and operations.The corporation deals with their products with suppliers who provide them with the raw materials, international trade of materials is done in products and services. The company is currently engaged in flexile manufacturing, equipments are of new technology. Transportation facilities are available in most of the parts.The manufacturing and logistics of the company is affected by the various factors like natural disasters and climatic conditions.Operations manager are using new technology and services to evaluate and improve current technology.5. Human resource managementThe corporations current HRM practice is to utilize their human resource to expand the companys business and to increase the customer base, along with introducing and developing new products.The net income per employee is 175,151 AED of the DIB, it is considered a breed income therefore it is clear that the company is very conserve towards their employees and do good care of them.The HRM of the com pany has the capability to increase their net profit and to affect other factors positively.The corporation is paying the employees heavily and they are giving them other incentives too, but other competitors are also conserved related to their employees.The HRM manager is utilizing the resources to the highest and often created strategies to do well in future like prosecute their human resources in other products and services, and introduction of new posts.The company doesnt seems to have a diversify workforce from all over the world, but whatsoever they have with them they are managing them quite efficiently.Outsourcing plays a very important role in HR planning, as outsourcing provides manpower to complete objectives and tasks related to the company. only the HR manager plays a very important role in the strategic management process, as every strategy requires manpower and the best use of human resources.6. Information technologyThe organizations current IT objectives, strateg ies and policies includes modernization of all technologies in the context of IT, and this strategy is very well in accordance with the modern era in which the company is operating.The company has a straight-laced database management system and analyst who can make changes in the database whenever required. afterward the use of modernized technologies it is very much predictable that the company will do well in the future regarding the advantages of the softwares utilize.All the leading banks in Dubai is using IT as a tool for performing processes and for services therefore DIB is facing a cut-throat competition in this field and must have to look upon for new technological services and tools.DIB has got a place in the worlds internet database and the study is very well conveyed regarding the company on the internet.IT manager is playing a very important role in developing the companys strategies as, many processes in the corporation is dependent on IT.D. Summary of internal fact orsMarketing, human resource and financing are the core-competencies for the company at present. The classifiable competencies of the corporation is its IT and logistics and operations.Finance, marketing and human resource are the most important factors that the company are engaged in presently. Human resource is the functions that are most suitable for outsourcing.5. Analysis of strategic factorsA. situational digestThe main analysis that affects the companys present and future performance are the finance performance, marketing, human resource and the sustainability issues.B. review of mission and objectivesThe current mission and objectives are appropriate for the companys keep but to some extent because the net profit, revenue generated and the share prices of the company is decreasing, therefore they need to have a look at its finance and marketing areas.If the finance and marketing sections are thoroughly reviewed an corrected then the corporation will grow larger momentum in the future.6. Strategic alternatives and recommended strategiesA. Strategic alternativesThe current strategies if revise will prove to be very beneficial for the company.The recommended strategies will surely help the company to improve their performance.The recommended corporate strategies are stability, growth, and retrenchment.The recommended business strategies are cost leadership and differentiation.The corporate strategies will help the company to prevent the stability, but the corporation would have only static growth i.e. growth at a slow rate.The business strategies are however suggested taken into account the cost cutting and utilizing methods, they will surely help the financing section of the company, but however risk could not be taken if we implement these strategies.B. recommended strategiesThe main strategic options that the company has areTo utilize and to execrate most of their strength.To outwit their weakness.To make the most of their opportunities.And to manag e their threats in the business.These strategies should be first implemented on ground level first and if prove to be affective they could be used further and prove to be of great use for the company for both long term and short term.7. ImplementationInstituting TQM would help the company to maintain better account of their services and processes.Software professional who has got a slender idea about financing, marketing and system analysis can develop this software.As this is a high level program therefore the CEO should be the in charge of this program.The programs are financially feasible as it would not cost much, instead it will help the company in various cost-reduction processes. And also help maintaining their database and accounts.The software should be in beta phase first and then new inclusions will be made depending on the requirements.8. Evaluation and controlThe company has an updated information system that helps them to cutting every activity in the corporation an d also provide fitting feedback on implementation activities and performance.The tools that the company uses can give accurate information about everything about the profit, loss, share prices etc.The information i.e. conveyed is timely and is very well implemented.The corporation is using benchmarking techniques to evaluate its functions and activities.Appropriate standards and measures are being taken while conformance of the recommended strategic plans.Reward system is a bonus for any employee in an organization therefore appropriate honour system is taken into account in the corporation.