Global Health and Issues in Disease Prevention

Global comfortablyness and Issues in Disease PreventionApplication The Haves and Have Nots why argon There Disparities?Bernard F. RichardsDescribe two wellness outcomes for which India and china have had diametrical experiences in the last half century.It has long been an observation that socio-economic status influences health outcomes. Wilkinson and Pickett (2010) explain that the absolute majority of health- link and mixer problems that plague nations and even sub-populations within nations argon largely influenced by societal inequities (p. 173). Essenti eachy, societies than have greater levels of in faithfulness scarper to have inferior health and social standings. This principle has been demonstrated by India and mainland China which are nations with vast populations and shared influence from challenges brought on by globalization and urbanization. However, growing societal inequities in India served as the basis for new-fangled disstandardizedity in health status for citizens of said countries.The difference in health status of some(prenominal) countries preserve be seen in some(prenominal) health outcomes. According to Dummera and Cook (2008), both China and India experience alike infectious and chronic illnesses, the burden and prevalence of infectious maladies are significantly high in India (p. 590). In India, the most common source of deathrate is infectious and parasitic illnesses. Conversely, most deaths in China are alternate to chronic illnesses such as crab louses. For every constant of gravitation deaths in China, cancer is responsible for 119.7 of them. In India, this number lies at 71 out of every 1000 for cancers however, infectious causes of death lies at 420 out of every 1000 deaths (Dummera Cook, 2008, pp. 591-592).Chinese, both males and females, enjoy higher superior life expectancy at birth as compared to their Indian counterparts. In China, life expectancies for males and females in 2004 were 70.4 and 73.7 eld re spectively. On the other hand, that for Indian males and females was found to be male 63.3 and 64.8 days respectively. In general, China is found to be superior in closely all aspects of health-related demographics. China has better birth, mortality, fertility, and literacy rates. Additionally, there are much(prenominal) physicians and somatogenetic spaces within hospitals and other health facilities in China. This offers better service pitch shot and access to health services that are offered. These statistics suggests significant differences in policies and strategies to sabotage sources of ill-health and brings to the fore the importance of social equality in ensuring population health (Dummera Cook, 2008, p. 592).Explain the reasons for the disparities noted.As previously mentioned previously, infectious diseases account for the vast majority of deaths in India as compared to chronic diseases in China. The contrast becomes even more apparent as infectious illnesses are g eneral considered diseases of poverty. Chronic illnesses, on the other hand, are dubbed diseases of affluence. One explanation for this disparity between both nations is the difference in societal development. India has experienced little development which serves as a catalyst for population vulnerability. People live in more unhealthy environments which have been proved to increase the risk of communicable illnesses. China has experienced greater positive(p) development which has diminished levels of social and health-related vulnerability. Chinese people are essentially living longer which predisposes to chronic conditions related to lifestyle behaviors and increased life expectancy. Additionally, the Chinese authorities have enforce strict limitations on reproduction and population growth (Dummera Cook, 2008, pp. 590-592)Social discussion section and inequality also accounts for health disparities in both countries. There is range in India a caste system called jati which i s based on segregation, marginalisation and social stratification. At the summit of the social hierarchy is the Brahmins class (Priests) followed by the Kshatriyas (Warriors and rulers), Vaisyas (skilled workers, merchants, minor officials), Sudras (unskilled workers), and Pariah (outcasts, untouchables) in descending order. Hearne (2014) explains that as we progress spate the caste hierarchy, social inequity and variety increases. An individuals educational status, income and consequently health status are all dependent on the caste he is in. This system is culturally and historically entrenched in Indian way of life, society and even religion. This legal segregation and discrimination has resulted in members of the society put at increased health risks as they lack the socio-economic wherewithal to access health care and protect themselves against the negative social determinants of health. Chinas people enjoy greater social equity which has been a major influence in decreasing health disparities in this territory.Describe the experience for those outcomes in Kerala and suggest reasons for why they are similar or different from the rest of India.The dynamic nature of health can be illustrated by Kerala which is a state in India. It is quite mind-boggling to observe the wide disparity in this sub-population of India as compared to the country in general. Residents of Kerala experienced superior life expectancies when compared to the rest of the nation. Males and females in Kerala are evaluate to live for 71.67 years and 75.00 years respectively. In essence, Keralans live approximately 9 years more than the average Indian. Infant mortality rate is 68 per 1000 live births in the general Indian population time that for Kerala is 14 (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2014). Mukherjee et al. (2011) further explains that Kerala demonstrates higher educational and income levels as well as birth, mortality, fertility, and literacy rates when compared to oth er Indian states (p. 2). According to Dilip (2002), Kerala has higher morbidity but less mortality rates when compared to other states. This phenomenon is due to higher life expectancies and increasing levels of chronic illnesses. Communicable diseases however, are found to be less prevalent than chronic illnesses in this sub-population.The differences in health outcomes when canvas Kerala to other Indian states is largely due to depress levels of inequality in educational attainment, health and social standing in spite of lower income levels (Mukherjee et al., 2011, p. 2). Although the caste system is present within Kerala, social discrimination is less pervasive. Keralas robust communist movement and policies directed to promote well-being has contributed. Greater social equity has resulted in greater access to health care and improved health statuses. This is evidence that removing social inequities has a positive influence on the social determinants of health. This lesson ca n undoubtedly benefit all nations as the world strives to achieve better health outcomes for this generation and those to come.ReferencesDilip, T. R. (2002). catch levels of morbidity and hospitalization in Kerala, India. Retrieved from http//www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S0042-96862002000900012script=sci_arttextDummera, T. J. B. Cook, I. G. (2008). Health in China and India A cross-country comparisonin a context of speedy globalization. Social Science Medicine, 67, 590605Hearne, T. (2014). Indias social justice minister says Christians do not deserve special caste. Retrieved from http//www.christiandaily.com/article/indias.social.justice.minister.says.christians.do.not.deserve.special.caste/49363.htmMinistry of Health and Family Welfare, India. (2014). Life expectancy and baby mortality rates for selected Indian states. Retrieved from http//infochangeindia.org/women/statistics/life-expectancy-and-infant-mortality-rates-for-selected-indian-states.htmlMukherjee, S., Haddad, S. Narayana, D. (2011). Social class related inequalities in householdhealth expenditure and economic burden Evidence from Kerala, southwestward India. International Journal for Equity in Health, 10(1), 1-13.Wilkinson, R., Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York, NY Bloomsbury Press.