Apply Critical Thinking Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apply Critical Thinking - name ExampleFor example, the fact that most cats love milk does not automatically conclude that some cats buzz off tails and neither does itconcludethat David Hume was the biggest philosopher of all times.This is thefallacyin which an argumentis basedonmisleading, ostensibleandimplausiblecomparisons.For examplethe statement seven windows are given to animals in the head domicile cardinal eyes, a mouth, two ears, and two nostrils(Hegel, 2010). However, from thisstatementwe cannot conclude that thither are many other similarities in nature, which are difficult toputin words. The arguments and comparisons aremisleadingandsuperficial.Hasty generalization is another fibre of logical fallacy which emanates from faulty generalization (Hegel, 2010).In this type of generalization, conclusion comes through without keeping inperspectiveall the variables.For instance Take theexampleof someone travelling through a town for the first time. He comes across 10 people all of whom are children. Thepersoneventually concludes that there are no adult residents in the town.Equivocation is a form of logical fallacy that represents the identicalwordstated toprovidetwounlike meanings. For example, asignindicating finefor parkinghere as observed by Hengel (2010, p. 34), essentially has two different meanings. The first one being that it is unobjectionabletoparka vehicle within that yard and the second one being that parking a vehicle within such a yard will incur

The Online Shopping Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Online Shopping Environment - show ExampleThe three elements that have been used to deliver desired consumer experience in online behavior retail include navigability, atmospherics, and interactivity. The interaction of the three elements has shaped the online counterfeit-shopping environment. Analysing the interaction of three elements is essential because consumers are considering multi-channel retailing in fashion. Online fashion shopping environment offers all the design cues and multi-channels the consumers want.Search sorting utilizes Sitemaps, search engines, Search by name, style or look to engage consumers online (Flavian, Gurrea and Ors, 2009). Search classification is used for finding a product in any e-commerce business platform (Kim, Fiore and Lee, 2007). Online fashion environment is utilizing the consumers usability of the sites to increase sales. The journey of a consumer begins within they log in the online stores. Searching classification utilizes keywords r elated to fashion, and image links that merchantman be accessed through top search engines (Childers et al., 2001). For example, ASOS has used the successful product tagging method of search classification to increase consumer usability and help to convert the visitations into successful sales (Jones and Silverstein, 2009).Product information details, zooming option for images, and 2D and 3D product viewing give elevation to the ultimate interactive viewing. The online shopping environment in the fashion retail industry is using interactive technologies to create a seamless journey between the stores and consumers (Sullivan and Adcock, 2002). The rise of online and multichannel fashion retailing is focused on offering in-store consumer experience that is in touch with shopping patterns of the consumers. Smartphones, iPads, customized fashion shows and in-built touch screens have been introduced to give the customer a virtual shopping experience before effective purchasing (Tapsco tt, 2009).

Analysis of a manager's job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Analysis of a managers job - Essay ExampleIt is, he said, the series of activities related to the use of available resources to achieve a goal. The resources throw out be material or human, other people, inside or outside an organization of humans, which a manager has to manage or study how to use properly to achieve a specific purpose. In his case, he manages the people who work with him the abide staff, the trains and kitchen assistants. He includes the customers, not all of whom are pleasant to be with. He also has to manage or use resources like the raw ingredients that go into every meal, the drinks they serve, and the place itself.The first function is planning, which involves setting goals and intellection clearly of how those goals can be reached with the people and resources he has. Peter sits down with the owner regularly to treat profit targets, and he goes over the different ways those targets could be met. He specifies how many an(prenominal) people he needs, pec uliarly on special days when there are big celebrations or a feast when they foresee many customers coming in to the restaurant. This function includes making a budget, specifying what types of people he should hire, how many of each (cooks, waiters, receptionists, kitchen assistants, and sometimes, valet parking attendants) to hire and the salaries he could give them. He also plans the menu with the cook and the owner, and they find ways to get good quality ingredients that do not cost too much.He often sits down and thinks hard to understand the goal (prepare a birthday dinner for a root of twenty). He asks questions like do I have enough people, resources, and time and how do I die the work (more so when the cook calls in sick on what could be a busy night)? How can we work together, with the limitations we have, so that we meet the goal on time? These are not easy things to do, especially as he has to plan what to do if any

Critically Analyse the Interpretation of Umbrella Clause in Investment Essay

critically Analyse the Interpretation of comprehensive Clause in Investment Treaties - Essay Exampleinvestor in a host state.3 One such device is the comprehensive clause. 2. Definitions of Umbrella Clause The comprehensive clause is withal known by other terms, such as the observance of undertakings clause, the observance of commitments clause, the pacta sunt servanda 4 clause, the sanctity of nail down clause, and the mirror effect clause.5 There is no fixed wording for the clause, but its different manifestations ar all to the effect that obligations are imposed upon the parties for those circumstances for which the weight-lift had not specifically provided. The benefit of umbrella clause is that it can encompass all types of commitments whether express or implied, contractual or not contractual.6 The clauses broadest version may be stated as Each Contracting Party shall find out any obligation it may have assumed with regard to investments.7 As Dolzer & Stevens describ es, the provision of umbrellas clause intends to ensure that contracting parties in an investment agreement should honour their commitments towards citizens or investors of other parts.8 Consequently, The effect of umbrella clauses is for arbitral jurisdiction to be extended more broadly to investment disputes that involve alleged slackness by the host state in meeting any obligation it owes to the foreign investor. Through umbrella clauses, therefore, the investor secures the states observance of its commitments. More state acts are thus brought under the umbrella of security measure of the agreement.9 There are far-reaching effects of umbrella clauses, the most important of which is to extend violations of a contract relating to an investment to the status of treaty violations.10 The conventional concept of the umbrella clause was best put in front by Noble Ventures v Romania,11 which held that the purpose of the parties in adopting an umbrella clause was to equate contractual obligations governed by municipal law to multinational treaty obligations as established in the BIT.12 3. Evolution of Umbrella Clause Long before BITs were the norm and when investor-to-state arbitration was still unheard of, the only recourse of an singular who felt aggrieved by alleged illicit acts of the host state was by diplomatic protection. Traditional international law insulated governments against the direct claims of private persons (corporations and individuals), requiring aggrieved foreign investors to secure the consent of the host country before it may seek redress.13 It was a rule of customary law that a state may exercise its remunerate of diplomatic protection only if a breach of international law has taken place, and its national has suffered well-nigh form of injury as a result thereof. The term umbrella clause was first apply by an prominet international scholar Elihu Lauterpacht in a claim against Iran due to nationalisation of iranian crude oil fields w hen claim was made by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1953-54. Lauterpacht supported that an umbrella treaty would be implemented infringement of which would make the infringement if the

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Analysis - Case Study ExampleSome argued that the faucet-mount of PUR will crack up pitcher product Brita, others believed that the product simply is establishing another mart niche and finally other groups ar convinced that Brita will simply have to do nothing to foster faucet-mounts (Deighton 1). These are three demand courses of actions that Clorox will have to consider.Clearly, there is another market that faucet-mount is trying to target. For Clorox to be essentially informed more(prenominal) concerning this at the bottom line, prior to the actual necessary decision to protect Brita, market segmentation or customer analysis is necessary. This will not only settle the three varying views as utter earlier, but it will also establish the relevant truth whether faucet-mount has the potential to hurt the established market for Brita.Here is the reason. Market segmentation or customer analysis is a relevant marketing proficiency that will surely guarantee how to deal with issues concerning the actual management of demand (Lancaster and Massingham 78). This technique puts into consideration the canonic elemental mix in marketing like product, price, place, and

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applying Ethical Frameworks in Practice - Essay ExampleHowever, medical practitioners can be faced with a dilemma that forces them to make a compromise between maintaining patient confidentiality and releasing such(prenominal) information in some circumstances. This could also be necessitated by various logical and justifiable situations that atomic number 18 supported by ethical principles. My position regarding patient confidentiality is that there are times in which the doc is logically justified to go against the implied promise of confidentiality and disclose the patient information.The first is the principle of beneficence where the ratiocination made provides and balances benefits against harm and risks. For example where patient bills are paid by a health redress company, such records have to be viewed by employees of the insurance company. If this is denied, the insurance company will not make up the bills. concord to Veatch (1988), a breach of confidentiality could al so be done in compliance with rules governing transmittable diseases that are a threat to the public. This means officials from the health department have the right to access such patient information.Most importantly, the breach of patient confidentiality is justifiable in cases where the patient is a minor. According to Nathanson (2000), fresh patients are allowed to test for certain diseases like STDs without the consent of their parents. However, when tested positive for serious conditions, a revelation of this information to the parents or guardians is very critical. This is because it will ensure that the young patient moves proper medical assistance and all round support.Hanks (2008) states that it may never be possible for a young patient to get any proper medical treatment if their medical information is kept away from their parents or guardians. This is because the minor league might not be in a position to stand in for their medical bills. According to Silen et al (20 08), there are situations in

13th and 14th century european Scholasticism Research Paper

thirteenth and 14th century european Scholasticism - Research Paper Examplethither were twenty three universities in Europe during 1300 and by 14th century end twenty cardinal more universities were founded. Training was provided in arts, law, medicine and religion. Legal study was done by a deep minority of students (Hilde DeRidder-Symoens, 596) Training was given in canon and civil law to large number of students. Privileges Students were on the whole from other countries and it was the time when Justinian Code of Roman Civil Law was rediscovered. University of Bologna became the most preeminent point for obtaining legal scholarship and the students of this university formed a cooperation called universitas the corporation of scholars. The corporation aimed to protect the rights of these students and to obtain recognition officially. Teachers in Paris incorporated themselves and established an organizational model for the university. As large number of people was instruct wit h common textual matterual matter in same subject network formation was excessively encouraged by these students. Training in law led to formation and development of civil, administrative and merchant laws along with staffing of court. This also led to enforcement of contracts for solving fundamental issues (McAdams, Richard H 509). Subjects Undergraduate programs were provided in s hitherto liberal arts. Training of melodic line and reasoning came under trivium of logic, rhetoric and grammar which helped to know how the truth can be known and how it can be conveyed to others. Music, arithmetic, astronomy and geometry quadrivium explained the natural laws of universe. Neither Roman nor Greek classical literature was part of curriculum. Students were to listen to positivistic works of writers which were read to them by instructors who had master degree in the Faculty of arts. After reading the text it was explained to students by these instructors along with their comments. Diff icult issues were solved as debates conducted in University in which both students and faculty participated. close to of the students were less than twelve geezerhood of age and only a few of them completed six years study for getting enrolled as graduates (Acemoglu, Daron and Simon Johnson 949). Mode of study and life Students of arts during medieval period were worry school boys and not like university students of today. He was supposed to listen and remember the lectures given by their masters and never compiled research papers or wrote essays that were expository. The students were not using library and most universities didnt even allowed the students to use libraries. Medicine was not a separate branch of study till middle of 13th century. Later it developed in to a separate branch and the students were to follow verbal commentaries, definition, argument, deference to text of authority etc. There was no observation or clinical experience (James Robinson 579). Those students who were really compulsive wished to obtain higher degrees and for the same remained in universities itself. Usually it was students who were studying for master degree in theology who were used to give lecture to graduate students of arts. It was usual for faculties of medicine, canon law and civil law to recrudesce graduate students in arts for obtaining professional career. In all these students were to listen to readings of masters from texts prescribed and comments in that location on (Garca y Garca, Antonio 105). Books were also needed for preparing for disputes. Disputes were public performances were the lecturer used to give a school principal and present critical answers to it including both negative and positive aspects. These positive and negative aspects were supported by quotes from account book and Church Fathers. Books were also very costly before printing became popular

Roe v. Wade was incorrect legally and constitutionally (Catholic) Term Paper

Roe v. Wade was incorrect legitimately and constitutionally (Catholic) - Term Paper ExampleWades constitutionality with reference to the written constitution. There is so much false information regarding the Supreme Courts conclusiveness on this case. To say that the decision of the Supreme Court was legally and constitutionally correct means that the decision should base on principles enshrined in the constitution of the United States, on precedents in constitutional law and on arights, which the constitution purposely created to salutary and protect.Abortion has been generally a debated issue for many years. Abortion gets opposition especially by the church building and activists arguing that abortion is murder, and therefore, women should not have the right to an abortion.On this case, the Supreme Court gave Roe the right to an abortion saying that it was her constitutional right not to bear the child of a rapist. The court express that they were not deciding when human bein gs life starts. They ruled that an unhatched child is not a human being within the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment and therefore, not entitled to have rights to life, liberty, and property. The court effectively argued that unborn children are not living human beings and therefore, they are not entitled to the Fourteenth amendment rights1.Historical cause of abortion does not support a womans right to an abortion. Early feminists opposed abortion, as the medical procedure was not safe for women, endangering their health and life. By 1965, all the fifty states had banned abortion, with more or less exceptions, which were different depending on the state to save the life of the mother, in cases of rape or incest, or if the unborn child was deformed. These words gave women the right to an abortion. Groups such as the National Abortion Rights League struggled to liberalize anti-abortion laws. The floor of abortion is much familiar to the Roe v. Wade case as it made most animate state abortion laws unconstitutional. The Court did not interpret in

Human resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Human resources - Essay ExampleOne tool for monitoring surgical process heed isperformance appraisal. For organizations, performance management is usually known as company performance and is monitored through problem appraisal. Performance prudence. (2009). InBUSINESS The Ultimate Resource. Retrieved from http//www.credoreference.com/entry/ultimatebusiness/performance_management What value does Performance Management have for an organization? For the organization, Performance Managements is beneficial as it facilitates the organizations capacity to deliver strategic and operational goals which tail end be translated to a issue in sales, reduction of costs, and increased operational efficiency. It also provides the employee a snuff it understanding of how meeting target performance adds value to the organizations strategic goals. What value for an individualistic? For an individual, Performance Management is beneficial as it creates an environment that motivates employees to b e at its best. Through Performance Management, employees argon also able to know how much and how they are contributing to the growth of the organization. And as the employees contribute to the growth of the organization, Performance Management provides the incentive structure by which employees are rewarded for achieving if not exceeding their goal in the organization. 2. What is meant by the term Business Behavior? What are the unbreakable mien laws? Why is behavior considered the underlying to quality? What is meant by the term Business Behavior? Business behavior underlies what employees choose to do (quality and/or quality), how much effort they will put into accomplishing the task, and how long they will put into accomplishing it. (Steven Stralser, Phd. MBA in a daylight what you would learn in top tier schools (if you only had the time) John and Wiley and Sons Incorporated, Hoboken, New Jersey, Published concurrently in Canada. E-book. P. 20 What are the unbreakable beha vior laws? Unbreakable behavior laws are the inviolable laws of business conduct that was drafted to align processes and employee activities within the organization to ensure that behavior will be in congruity to the companys strategic and long-term goals. They are the set of performance expectations from employees that is tied up with the over-all organizational goal. Why is behavior considered the key to quality? Business Behavior is key to quality because it determines how an employee will perform. If behavior is desirable and consistent to Performance Plan, such behavior will translate not only quality but also greater efficiency. While an underperforming behavior will undermine not only the incident employees performance but also the organization as a whole. 3. What is pinpointing? How does pinpointing apply to performance management? What is meant by the right pinpoint? What value does pointing have in managing performance? What is pinpointing? Pinpointing is being specifi c nigh target performance and communicating it clearly to the employees. It includes defining the drivers that measures performance that will add value to organizational goa

New Pedestrianism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Pedestrianism - Research Paper ExampleThe new urbanism approachs office to attain these goals of sustainability at the same time is its greatest strength. New urbanism and its Principles For a long time, urban sit that is dependent on cars has been criticized due to its contribution to social isolation, degradation of the environment, and long term financial un-sustainability. Architects, radical in the early 80s, started to fight this sprawl with new urbanism with significant developments coming up on base the concepts precepts3. These propinquitys started to take on a European and pre-war urban model, often resembling typical little towns or earlier inner city neighbourhoods. For this reason, these neighborhoods are usually referred to as TNDs, or traditional neighborhood developments. These neighborhoods are built on several fundamental planning rulers. The first fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is mixing of uses with institutional, civic, and commercial spaces located in community corridors, as well as centers, which are surrounded by close-by housing that provides service and job access sans use of cars4. This normally takes on the lick of a town square or main street. The second fundamental planning principle is diversity. Urban sprawl can lead to separation of the populace by the level of their income. New urbanism seeks to provide for unlike housing in one area that range from high to low cost5. It is possible to accomplish this through townhouses, detached one-family homes, and mixed apartments in one neighborhood. This also promotes affordable housing inclusion. The third fundamental principle of new urbanism is that it should encourage walking6. This comes with increased benefits to the community and environment, dapple also creating supportive social networks through unremarkable interactions with fellow local acquaintances and neighbors. The concept encourages those living in these neighborhoods to walk through a mixi ng of uses, while also making sure that there are plentiful and wide sidewalks with well designed streetscape, minimisation of curb cuts, and compact blocks. Mass transit and bicycling connect pedestrians with other areas within the larger urban region and are, thus, important as well. The fourth fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is definition of usual space7. Streets are normally considered as space that is vital for public life and are important for the natural event of daily interactions of the community. To make the area attractive, landscaping, lighting, and materials must be detailed carefully. New urbanism also holds public squares and park in high esteem. The fifth and final fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is complimentary architecture8. in the public eye(predicate) space is defined by the private property facades that abut it and new urbanism takes into account the immensity of a street wall that is strongly defined by close-up and attractive buildings that offer spaces and services. Houses in traditional neighborhood developments are normally close to the streets, while they are built on lines in downtown areas. Because of the importance of public interaction in new urbanism, front porches are a common feature. Majority of traditional neigh

Archaea as a Group of Single-Celled Microorganisms Essay - 2

Archaea as a Group of Single-Celled Microorganisms - Essay ExampleMethanogens produce methane and thermophile Archaea thrive in environments with very high temperatures. end-to-end the essay, an extensive overview of the reasons as to why the Archaea obligate been classified as Prokaryotes will give. In addition, the essay covers the developing of the Archaea and relation to Eukaryotes and Bacteria. Lastly, the discussion will elaborate on the reasons why Archaea are classified as extremophiles. Gottschalk G. (2012).Archaea and bacterium have a similarity in the cell structure. To be exact, Archaea have shown no difference with the positive bacteria in terms of cell structure. This could be the reason as to why Archaea is under the procaryotic domain because is held together by a single unit of a lipid membrane with a very heavy layer sacculus.Through the diagrams above, the similarities in the cell structure of the Archaea and Bacteria can be seen. A further link through resear ch has shown that some Archaea species like Viz Thermoplasma contain staining of the Gram-positive bacteria species, for instance, Viz mycoplasma.Just like nearly prokaryotes, Archaea has a small cellular size because it lacks the nucleus (Koonin et al., 1997). This makes their change of location very swift because it can take up the shape of an object. It can also change its hammer depending on the surrounding to avoid harm. In research findings, it has been established that about 65% of the genes in a species of Archaea M.janaschii are found in most of the bacteria with only 7% being in Eukarya. dismantle though Archaea shows uniqueness in its gene composition, the same is a trend is evident in most prokaryotic genomes.Basing the argument using the prokaryotic homolog only, then the phylogenetic tree can actually exclude that there is a very close family relationship between Archaea and Gram-positive bacteria. This, however, shows that the Gram-negative bacteria have little similarities with the Archea. Signature sequences in the diversity of the protein structure have been used to show the unique relationship between the Gram-positive bacteria and the Archaea.

Natural selection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Natural weft - Assignment ExampleEvidently, the process of natural selection has been shown to play a role in seasonal worker variations in homozygotes and heterozygotes. To this end, it has been ascertained that carriers for disparate chromosomal variations occur at different frequencies at different seasons. Such componenttic constitutions can be passed on to offsprings. This leads to some offsprings that are repair suited to environmental disparities, while others are least suited to prevailing environmental conditions.In this article, the variations in seasonal adaptability among natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura are analyzed. Basically, the article unveils a study targeted towards determination of the impact of the gene combinations on the third chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura in their adaptation to varied environmental setup. It aims to show that natural selection plays an integral role in determining the survival of organisms with specific gene combina tions. The study was prompted by the observations that seasonal variations occurred within the populations of the organisms. More specifically, it was observed that while certain seasons favored heterozygotes, other seasons were more than favorable to homozygotes.To screen the hypothesis to ascertain the heritability of seasonal adaptation, the research uses experimental designs which involved parent-offspring comparisons under slushy environment, in a population cage. Through this comparison, the study was able to show differential death rates with inversion heterozygotes more favored than homozygotes. Further, this study involved use of specifically selected pelt representative of heterozygote or homozygote states exclusively. Such eggs were produced through well-programmed breeding. Despite the conduct of the experiment in artificial setting, the study confidently outlines that the determination of the artificial experiment is an accurate account of the developments in natura l habitat. It

Explain how the relationship between the dose of drug given to an Essay

Explain how the human relationship between the dose of medicate given to an individual and the concentration of medicine molecules - Essay ExampleThese factors argon discussed in more detail below, based on the description of Goodman, et al. (2011, ch. 2). The characteristics of the drug molecule itself that affect the drugs concentration at the receptor site include its molecular sizing, degree of ionization, lipid solubility, and its proportion for serum and tissue proteins. The plasma membrane (of skin or intestinal cellular telephones, for example) is a common breastwork to drug distribution drugs that are not lipid soluble give not be adequate to(p) to permeate the membrane and not strain the target site. A drug of small molecular size will travel more easily through the membranes than a larger molecule, reaching the target in higher concentrations. Ionized molecules, and those that bind to proteins, also have difficulties in passing through the membrane. If the drug h as a tendency to ionize at the pH of the intestinal lm or the blood, the ionized form will have difficulty passing through lipid plasma membranes. If the drug interacts with conveyer proteins on the cell membrane, its uptake into the cell may be increased or decreased, depending on the direction in which the transporter moves the drug. For example, the P-glycoprotein in enterocytes limits the oral absorption of some cancer chemotherapeutic agents by exporting them back into the lumen of the GI tract. Similarly, it has been found that multidrug transporters such as P-glycoprotein (PGP) and members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family are over-expressed in capillary endothelial cells in epileptogenic encephalon tissue, and, by transporting anti-epileptic drugs out, these proteins may be responsible for the pharmacoresistance of the epileptic judgment to anti-epileptic drugs (Lscher and Potschka, 2002).... transporters such as P-glycoprotein (PGP) and members of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family are over-expressed in capillary endothelial cells in epileptogenic brain tissue, and, by transporting anti-epileptic drugs out, these proteins may be responsible for the pharmacoresistance of the epileptic brain to anti-epileptic drugs (Loscher and Potschka, 2002). If a drug is capable of binding to plasma proteins such as albumin, then some of the drug molecules in the bloodstream bind to the proteins, while the remaining unbound drug molecules are available to reach equilibrium across all membranes and reach the target receptor. Thus, plasma protein binding limits the concentration of the drug at its site of action. When the site of action of concern is the brain, the cap tycoon of the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier determines the concentration of administered drug that can reach the target. The more lipophilic the drug in its unbound, non-ionized form, the greater will be its ability to pass through the endothelia l cells forming the blood-brain barrier, and thus the higher will be its bioavailability in the brain. How the pass of judicatory affects the fraction of the drug dose that reaches the target is also important. The most common route of administration is oral, however, this route has several implications on bioavailability, and the dose swallowed will not entirely reach the target site. Only a fraction of the ingested drug is absorbed from the intestine, depending on the factors discussed in the previous paragraph. As more absorption takes frame in the intestine than the stomach, any factor that increases stomach emptying (such as such as fictionalization down on the right side and level of physical activity) increases drug absorption as the

The Treatment of Women in the Old Testament Research Paper

The Tr feed inment of Women in the doddering pull up stakes - Research Paper ExampleThis essay will demonstrate an argument against this point of view in conjunction with numerous examples in order to back it up. Such examples will include the major Old Testament characters of even, Rahab, and Ruth. In the first couple of books of Genesis, we read that Eve was created and thus was the first women to exist. The Lord persistent that exaltation needed a helper because he could not do e genuinelything on his own. So, the Lord aim Adam into a deep sleep and took unrivaled of his ribs, which He used to form the first woman, Eve. by and by this, we under(a)stand how a woman must be connected to a man For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become sensation flesh (The Holy Bible, Gen. 224). This tells us that women must be treated with respect because they become one with their husbands. In the very next chapter of Genesis, Eve comes across her first challengethis sets the tone for women throughout the slackening of the Old Testament. In Genesis 36 (The Holy Bible), after being tempted by the serpent, Eve decided to taste the fruit. Once she had tasted it and found that it was good, she gave some to Adam so he could excessively eat some. This was the beginning of mankind, but more specifically women in general. Once divinity had found out what Adam and Eve had done, he cursed them for their disobedience. He said to Eve I will greatly append your pains in childbearing with pain you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you (The Holy Bible, Gen. 316). Even though Adam was also punished, his penalty was not as severe as Eves. This begins a theme that is seen all the government agency through the Old Testamentwomen are inferior to men because they were the first ones to sin. However, there are examples of women who went against the stereotypes of those t imes. advance along in the Old Testament, we can see in the book of Joshua how Rahab is treated. This woman is a very interesting case because she lived in Jericho she was not from the Israelites. Additionally, she was also described being a prostitute. These types of people were the last of the low back in those societies. At that time, the Israelites had sent spies to the city of Jericho in order to capture the city. They salutary happened to stay at an inn where Rahab was also the inn-keeper (Word 7). Instead of turning them over to the authorities, Rahab took them up to the roof and hid them under stalks of flax that were placed on the roof (The Holy Bible, Josh. 26). When asked why she risked her life for her enemy, Rahab said that she believed in the God Jehovah because of the miracles that occurred down in Egypt. For her help, Rahab asked that her and her family would be spared once the Israelites took the city. The spies replied, If you dont tell what we are doing, we wil l treat you kindly and faithfully when the LORD gives us the land (The Holy Bible, Josh. 214). An agreement was then made to work out how the plan would come to fruition. When the Israelites did take the city of Jericho, Rahab and her family were spared because of Rahabs obedience. After the Israelites had gained retard of Jericho, Rahab and her family were allowed to remain along with the Jews. This story shows us how even though a woman may be considered dirty and unclean, if she displays obedience, then she can be used for good. This example of Rahab is a little

The War on Democracy Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The War on Democracy - Movie Review ExampleThe media inform Chavezs resignation although no such move had been made. On the morning of 12th April 2002, Pedro Comino, a businessman, was swear in as the new President without any elections. The American media and White House spokespersons supported the anti-Chavez picture. However, the Venezuelan masses took offensively to the new plutocratic government. Massive people pro screens ensued and hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans surrounded the presidential palace. With the peoples support, the Presidential Guard retook the presidential palace again. Chavez sees the 2002 coup dtat as the acid test of democracy where the poor masses took to the streets in order to defend Chavez and democracy.The US government not sole(prenominal) knew about the coup but it also backed the coup through covert funding to a lower place the umbrella of U. S. Aid and the National Endowment for Democracy. Some 2 million dollars were distributed in order to put forward the coup a success. The Venezuelan situation makes it clear that the government of the unite States protects its interest at the live of everything else. Latin American politics was and has been the United States centric. Moves in Washington to protect American interests on the southwestern American continent, the Central American region and the Caribbean are undeniable. The United States has benefited from the cheap oil, gas and other mineral wealth from these regions but the people of these regions have suffered without a doubt. The rising poverty levels, the hoards of people living beneath the poverty line. and the dictatorial governments supported by the United States have all made the situation worse. The attack of the United States government in Latin American political affairs is not new by any means. The CIA removed the Albeniz government in Guatemala in the fifties. The CIA and anti-government factions ran an all out political and military take the field t o oust and exile the President. After the ouster, U. S. Vice President Richard Nixon flew into Guatemala to congratulate the new dictator. This is comparable to the Espionage activities diverted against Cuba short after Castros revolution. The four and a half decades long economic war against Cuba by the United States is unquestionable. The ordinary people in Cuba have suffered more than the Castro

Genetic Engineering Philosophical Paper Essay Example for Free

catching design Philosophical Paper EssayGenetic Engineering DefinedWe be in a period of recognition breakthroughs and accomplishments. For over centuries now, science has been constantly pursuing its ambition to take charge natures natural course within its grasp. Perhaps wholeness field that butt tot this description is contagious engineering which is a laboratory proficiency to change the DNA of living organisms (What is Genetic Engineering). A good view of transmissible engineering potty perhaps be seen in the sprout Gattaca where one of the main characters, Vincent (played by Ethan Hawke), is non able to accept his familial deal. Basing on his character, the film views how genetic engineering can affect an individuals self-esteem as well as how far-off it can push him to practice free will to fill this sense of emptiness.Effects of Genetic EngineeringAs to its effect on society, the movie shows how it serves as a solution in eliminating if not minimizing the consequences of genetic imperfection such as in-born diseases. In item, some in addition believe that genetic engineering can be beneficial not only with health and medicine but as well as food, agriculture, manufacturing, etc. Even nowadays genetics have already made its benefits known by aiding in forensic investigations through DNA identification thus lessening the number of violent crimes (Genetic Engineering Benefits Society).However, on that point can also be possible risks when relying on this field of science particularly with eugenics, or the selection the future makeup of children which could range to the elimination of some soulfulnessal traits. Another risk would be in the usage of biotechnology before exploring other options in terms of reproduction. One example is implanting an egg from one woman into the uterus of another which might be hazardous if considered as a primary technique (Discovery Education Genetic Engineering)Perhaps one of the things that the direc tor of the movie Gattaca is trying to present is how genetic engineering can be a remedy or solution in altering human fate by making him somewhat more(prenominal) invincible. After watching the film, I saw this field of science as something that can affect a souls religious faith.This issue has been reinforced moreover by the background particularly during the birth of Vincent where he said, He never understood what possessed his catch to put her faith in Gods hands rather than those of her local geneticists. secondary to his rejection of the fact that he is too genetic on the wholey imperfect to achieve his dreams. As far as the film is concerned, this showed how genetic engineering can have the potential to tolerate such human behaviors which can ultimately lead him to play God once he gets the find instead of practicing self-acceptance and humility.Ethical Implications of Genetic EngineeringIt has an respectable implication especially when it comes to religion. Taking the views of the Church of Scotland for example, it states that although Christians have long regarded scientific research as a way of responding to Gods commands of filling the earth and subduing it from the first chapter of Genesis in the bible, it is but important to draw a line especially in the level of genetics as it is an alteration and function of human genetics which is Gods exclusive rights only.Perhaps there would be exceptions such as issues that call for certain necessities like modifying pig lovingnesss and lungs in case of serious shortage of equal human donor organs. However with or without the religious point of view, some practices of genetic manipulation can endanger the life of certain people if these are not properly controlled or monitored especially since we do not hold enough knowledge in harmfully interfering with nature. Furthermore, this also distorts virtues like humility and creates erroneous perception of what people should be made up of physically in order to be happy (Are We Playing God?).The Swimming Scene This particular scene in the movie gives a certain twist in the view of genetic engineering. Vincent was born with a 99% probability of heart disorder and so every time they do the swim race when they were kids, he often got shopworn first and lost to Anton. But when they did it again when they were already grown ups, Anton lost the race and almost drowned. When Vincent surpass Anton in the swimming race for the first time, this ultimately showed the strength of human spirit and how it can defeat even the genetically superior. Apparently, it was as though Vincent was able to unconsciously imbibe self-confidence subsequently all those times he spent with the genetically-engineered individuals.Uma Thurmans Character Irene, Vincents love interest whom he met in Gattaca, is another perfect example of an individual who lacks self-confidence and spirit. Compared to Vincent, her genes are almost perfect if not for a certain hea rt condition. Perhaps it is due to the fact that Irene has also been a subject of equivalence in Gattaca along with the pressures of being considered for a mission to Titan (one of the moons of the planet Saturn) that she is made to focus on her imperfection although in fact it is smaller as compared with her superior qualities. If she were living in a company much normal than Gattaca, then there might be a greater chance for her to be happy and see her beautiful qualities. With regards to Irenes character, I think what the director is trying to show is that not even technology can answer for a psyches search for self-fulfillment. Technology is also capable of deceiving people from seeing reality or from seeing what a person truly is. Irene push down in love with Vincent in the film but little did she know that he is no more than a mere trespasser in the dummy agency if not for the help of his friend Jerome, a genetically superior individual who was paralyzed by a car accident and gave his identity to Vincent.The stopping point The movie had an amazing ending. After all the struggles and suspense, Vincent was surprisingly able to pull everything off and made it to the space mission, defeating the majority of his genetically-superior colleagues in Gattaca and taking Jeromes identity with him. Jerome on the other hand, committed suicide. Jeromes sad end is the saddest part of the movie. He has been comp allowely consumed by his misfortune that he literally gave his life away. He just could not accept what has become of him and the identity that he lost from the accident was the only person he knew how to be, a winner. As to Jeromes suicide, this brought up an ethical issue that perhaps society cannot approve. once again it goes against the views of religion about Gods prerogatives of the human life. Jerome willing his own death cannot be considered a rightful one for even though he had broken a spine or is out of money, his brain was still functioning we ll, he was speaking very well, and most of all he did not even lose his good looks from the accident so there could have been a chance for him to charm his way to love.According to an article about ethical issues related to life and death, a person only can have a self-imposed death if he has a terminal unwellness and his physician proclaims certain death in the very near future wherein artificial bodily embody is deemed useless considering the very short period of time left (Ethical Issues think To Life And Death). The final scene was both puzzling and funny. There was the main character about to board the space mission and after successfully making it through several nerve-wracking genetic testing, his urine test finally revealed his genuine invalid identity. Yet for some strange reasons, the one in charge of this final step let him through after a brief sentimental conversation about his son being a big fan of Jerome a.k.a. Vincent.I cannot figure out whether to consider human compassion as a part of this scene. But more importantly, what made the ending very significant is the overwhelming sense of rejoice that the main character has brought with him after making to the mission and the great sense of relief that he was not apprehended despite revealing his true identity. The ending of the story gives out a message that no matter how much we go through or change ourselves, we can never lose the person that we truly are and even the best technology cannot take that away.ReferenceWhat is Genetic Engineering. Mothers for Natural Law. Retrieved 11 February 2008 at http//www.safe-food.org/-issue/ge.htmlAre We Playing God? Moral and Ethical Issues in Gene Therapy. Retrieved 11 February 2008 athttp//www.srtp.org.uk/genthpy1.htmManipCoates, J., Mahaffie, J., and Hines, A. 2007. Genetic Engineering Benefits Society. Retrieved 11 February 2008 athttp//encarta.msn.com/sidebar_461576345/Does_Genetic_Engineering_Benefit_Society_.htmlGenetic Engineering. Discovery Ed ucation. Retrieved 11 February 2008 athttp//school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/programs/geneticengineering/Ethical Issues Related To Life And Death. Retrieved 11 February 2008 athttp//www.anabaptists.org/tracts/deathtrc.html

Globalization and North East India Essay Example for Free

Globalization and conglutination eastern India EssayI.IntroductionEver since the boundary globalisation appeargond for the first time in the second half of twentieth centimeury no new(prenominal) word has meant so m any(prenominal) incompatible things to variant people and has evoked as much emotions. The forces of globalization affect virtu tot completelyy in ally every country in the world. It has clear(p)ed the door of many new opportunities as well as formidable challenges. All spheres of life brotherly, political, cultural and sparing cod been subjected to both the haughty and negative elements of globalization. With all its promises on the boilersuit qualitative improvement of life and social harmony, around rede it as the saviour of universal peace and prosperity. On the other hand, rising mercury of its negative elements whatever condemn it as a new kind of chaos. While every whiz welcomes the new opportunities that has emerged one can non simply direct t hose negative elements unattended. Therefore, the main task now is to analyze, chthonicstand and manage globalization doing our best to harness its benefits and sustainment those negative consequences at bay.1India joined the club of globalized preservation in 1991when its rescue is under the opus of fiscal and balance of payment crisis which compel her to initiate several structural adjustment programme and sparing liberalization. Since then, Indias sh atomic follow 18 to the global economy is getting larger. Today, looking at overall health of the economy and branch performance2, India retrievems to take over struck the right note of the globalization string. With its vast pictorial and mankind resources and power to synchronize the speed of change taking place in the international market, many go through considered the Indias economy as one of the most resilient economy in the world. Now, the most pertinent challenge arises in the recent eld is has the benefits of globalization disbursed to all the neighborhoods of the Indian union? Certainly the answer is noneIndias attempt to tackle the problems of income inequalities has been going on since independence under the exchangeized planning system. It, however, failed to gene set up the necessary ripening impetus to the poorer states to reduce roleal disparities in any meaningful manner in scandalise of four decades of economic planning. In the contain globalization era, considering the size and diversity of the country, shrinking character of judicature would ultimately be a failure to achieve the set objective. With the opening of economy, states with better groundwork facilities, better skill labour and work culture, investor friendly environment and much seriously states which can squargon away themselves in accordance to the need of the market oriented economy have attracted much of the private investmentboth national as well as foreign. These states have grown much faster tha n states which are not, leading to widening disparities.3 This has posed a great challenge to academicians and policy makers, til now though globalization is an uneven process with unequal distri thoion of benefits and losses, who must ensure the benefits of globalization be distri nudelyed to all the pieces/states of Indian union. Secondly, to what extent the extravagantly growth identify achieved so far has been translated into victimization for the well-organism of its people?It is all the more necessary to ascertain the magnitude of teaching because development shouldnt be seen as unsullied enhancement of national or personal income as it alone cannot treat the objective of securing the socio-economic e bore. High growth rate achieved so far is a big accomplishment as the resources so generated could be utilised for developmental purposes to meet the desired social ends.4 It would, however, be exceedingly injustice and misleading to interpret economic growth and econom ic development synonymously, yet a popular cynicism among the political circle in particular, as development covers much wider set forth and value. In short, achievement of high growth rate should be reflected in ground of quality of life of the people. The failure to realize the value of high growth is the main evidence for the rejection of shining India/feel good factor slogan of the ruling party in 2004 general election. This implies that the higher growth rate achieved so far in the post globalization period could not be translated in terms of improvement in the quality of life of the common people.According to Sen any straighten programme should consists of three Rsr from each one, range and a reasonwhich every liable individual(a) should analyze, understand and act accordingly. The values of high growth often depend on what the size, composition and temperament of that growth do to the lives and relinquishdoms of the people involved.5 With the increasing concern of wi dening of inter-state disparities and lack of development, it is highly imperative to survey the effects of globalization on North due east India-a relatively uncharted contribution of the country-as 15 years is long enough to give some clear pictures. With this objective, the present study attempts to locate the clues of the following quarries has the component been able to gain from the benefits of globalization? What are the major issues and challenges confronting or likely to confront in the orgasm years?What are the unexplored opportunities that can be harnessed? This would require examining the prevalent scenario of the character in the pre and post globalization period. The present study shall cover 1980 to 2005 considering 1991 as the dividing year of the two periods. The study has been nonionized into five sections including introduction. In section II, a brief profile of NE states has been sk etc.ed. In section III, some of the issues and formidable challenges need ed to be addressed sooner than the later has been discussed. In section IV, discussed the unexplored opportunities in the region. Finally, we conclude the study in section V .II.North East ProfileThe North East India comprises of octonary contiguous states6 of highly undulating hilly terrains, covering 263,179 sq km which is about 8% of the total geographical sphere of influence of the country. The region is one of the terra firmalocked regions of South Asia. About 4500 km i.e. 98% of its border is with five different countries of South AsiaNepal, Bhutan, China, Myanmar and Bangladesh. No other region of the Indian union share common border with so many different countries connecting with the heart take down through the tenuous 22 km Siliguri corridor.The region is the home of extraordinarily divers(a) mosaic of ethnic gatherings having distinctive social, cultural and economic identity, more akin to their South Asia neighbours than main land India. The total people of the reg ion is about 38 million, 3.8 per cent of the countrys total population, of which Assam contributes 68 per cent of the total population. Assam preserve the highest density of population with 340 per sq. km., which is also higher than the national average of 313 per sq. km., followed by Tripura with 305 per sq. km. Other knowing, the region is sparsely populated with an overall density of population of 149 per sq. km. Table 1The decennial growth rate recorded in most of the states during the anterior decade is higher than the national level of 21.54 per cent. Nagaland recorded the highest growth rate (64.46 per cent), also highest among the states of the Indian union, followed by Sikkim (33.25 per cent) and Meghalaya (30.65 per cent). Only Tripura (16.03% per cent) and Assam (18.92 per cent), two of the most populated states, have recorded lower growth rate than all India level. The region is high up endowed with bio-diversity, hydro- pixilatedial, minerals like oil and natural gas , coal, limestone, dolomite, graphite, quartzite, sillimonite etc. and forest wealth. everyplace 10 per cent of forest products requirement in the country are met from this region and.The region has a very high potential to generate hydropower i.e. about 80 per cent of the total hydropower potential in the country. Arunachal Pradesh alone is expected to generate 2,67,474 MW i.e. 30 per cent of the total addressable in the country. With varied geo-climatic condition, the region is ideally suited for horticulture, floriculture and other plantation crops. A novelty of fruits like pineapples, banana, orange, lemon, mango, papaya etc. grow abundantly in the region. The region is famous for most number of orchid varieties in the country. Tea is the major plantation crop grown in the region and is the largest manufacturer in the country contributing over 95 per cent of the total production. The region is also richly endowed with varieties of medicinal plants having high value in the i nternational market. But, due to the lack of proper nucleotide, lift and chat system and geo-political condition of the region these resources largely remained untapped. tooth root give out of the Twelfth Finance Commission, p 61.The region is grossly deficient of infrastructure to tap the procurable resources and push the economy forward. An examination of the infrastructure indexa obscure profile of the availability of physical, social and institutional infrastructure available in the states revealed that all the states of the region are at the lowest rung of the infrastructure index ladder. It shows that the level of infrastructural development in the region is almost negligible. In terms of human development indexa composite index capturing the three dimensions of human development viz. economic, education and health-the region have done clean well than most of the states of Indian union. Among the eight states, Assam ranked the lowest, which has been placed in lower cor e phratry and Mizoram in high category while rest of the states are either in high middle or middle category.The success of these states in this regard is mainly work on on by the education sector. apart from Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya the literacy rate in the remain states, as shown in Table 1, are higher than the national average. The economy of the region primarily depends on agriculture sector contributing over 40 per cent of the income and utilise about 70 per cent of the total working population. Although NSDP share of agriculture sector has dec draw and quarterd to about 30 per cent, the number of population dependent upon this sector continued to remain high even in the post globalization period. The decline in the NSDPs share of agriculture sector has been more or little compensated by the increase in the share of service sector.That is, the service sector growth rate during the corresponding period is commendable. Nevertheless, the industrial sector in t he region continued to be in inadequate condition. Industrially the region is one of the most backward regions in India. Only Assam, and to some extent Meghalaya, have moved ahead of the rest of the states in terms of industrial development whose industrialization centered on tea, oil and timber. An examination on the overall annual compound growth rate of NSDP in the region revealed that on that point is a slight improvement in post globalization period though varies from stat to state.Source http//mospi.nic.in/rept%20_%20pubn/ftest.asp?rept_id=nad03_1993_1994type=NSSO Note * At 1980-81 prices, ** From 1993 to 2002 only, at Current Price, a denotes Acceleration, d denotes DecelerationDuring the decade of 80s only Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland see higher annual compound growth of NSDP than the national level. However, in the post globalization period i.e. 1991-2002, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura have performed better than the national level. The growth rate experienced in the se states is not only higher but also accelerating. Though the NSDP growth rate of Manipur is lower than the national level but higher than the previous decade and is accelerating. While Assams growth rate is lower in the post globalization but grows at an accelerating rate which is a positive sign. In the post globalization period the growth performances in the region have improved marginally.The higher growth rate of NSDP in the region is mainly induced by higher and accelerating growth rate of service sector. The higher growth rate of NSDP experienced in some of the states is not commensurate with the growth rate of per capita income. The per capita income growth rates of all the states, baring Tripura, falls below the national level in the corresponding period. While Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Nagaland have worsened, the performance of Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura seem to be relatively better than the previous decade. The lower growth rate of per capita income experienced m ay be attributed to high growth rate of population, particularly poorer section of the society.The percentage of population living below the poverty line in the region continued to remain high. Only Mizoram seems to have done exceptionally well in poverty eradication where the percentage has declined from 36 per cent in 1983 to 19.47 per cent in 1999-2000. In the remain states thither is only a marginal decline in poverty ratio. In 1983, the percentage of population living below the poverty line at national level is much higher than that of all the states of the region. It is just the reversal in 1999-2000-all the states other than Mizoram have higher percentage than national level of 26.1 per cent. Over one-third of the population is still consists of the most vulnerable section of the society. Further, an examination on the per capita per month consumption expenditure revealed that the inequality in the per capita monthly consumption expenditure has also increased in spite of t he improvement in the growth performance in the post globalization period.In 1993-94, Assam has the lowest per capita per month consumption expenditure followed by Manipur and Sikkim. These three states are even lower than the national level of Rs. 328.18 per month. However, in 1999-2000, only Assam and Sikkim experienced lower per capita per month consumption expenditure than that of national level of Rs. 590.98 per month. The increase in consumption expenditure in the globalization era is quite impressive. At the homogeneous time, inequality in consumption expenditure, as revealed by the Gini coefficient8, has also increased in most of the states which is an indication of widening disparities among different sections of the society.This implies that the benefits of higher growth rate experienced, though marginally, in the post reform period have not been tickled down to the poorer sections of the society in the desired pace and the problem of income inequality within the state ha s worsened. An overall scenario of the region in the post globalization period is not very impressive as in the case of other region of the Indian union. This may be attributed to the prevailing geo-political condition in the region and attitude of the central government in tackling the issues of the region. In the following section we shall examine some of the issues and challenges which compulsory an immediate attention.III.The ChallengesBeing one of the most neglected regions of the Indian union, overall state of personal matters in the region is quite alarming. The unattended issues and problems of the past are being accumulated, multi-layered and have set out multifarious. Over and above, the mount pressures of emerging challenges of rapid transformation need to be countered. The clock is check mark fast and situation in the region is very delicate which may explode anytime from now if not tackled carefully.At this juncture the elder habit of alibis and hinting would only aggravate the maladies of the past and swell negative elements of the globalization. Instead, it is the time to think and act collectively. The region has more issues to be addressed and challenges to organization than any other parts of the country. Of which, the three most important areas which require immediate attention are insurgency, infrastructure and governance. All the other issues are derivatives which would dry up once these three are addressed.a.InsurgencyThe problem of insurgency in the region has a long history. The parochial politics and Delhi centric approach of the Indian government is at the core of much of the discontents, widespread criticism, skin perceptivenesss of conquest and notion of being colonized. There is a constant fear in the minds of the people that their identity is being eroded due to the submergence into the vast ocean of Indian humanity.9 The people of the region started alienating themselves and the feeling of self-determination started to germinate. With the aim of preserving their own identity various ethnic groups inhabiting in the region, undisturbed for centuries, began to differentiate among each other severing the local ties and affinities and started to struggle with arms.10 Thus, insurgency has mushroomed in the region and the secessionist movements, either for sovereignty or for separate homeland, began to lock horns leading to a vertical breakdown among various ethnic groups. Therefore, prior to any policy programme to purpose the problem of insurgency in the region, the political processes that has been framed and pursued to switch over a breeding ground of insurgencies must be reversed first.Simultaneously, the attitude and security obsess mindsets of the central government should also change and embrace the region with open arms so as to amend the upset confidence of the common people. Insurgency is the major problem inflicting the region. With the passage of time it has increasingly become more com plex and difficult to understand as their objectives, role and activities varied widely.11 In the name of nationalistic movement they were involved and interfered in every states affairs including household chores, like a moral police, of their people. Each insurgent group runs parallel government. In a way, apart from Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, all the remaining states have multiple governments. The problem of insurgency has become the stumbling block in the course of development.It foundered every development strategy and hampered all the developmental works. Kidnapping, extortion, killing, bandh, strikes and curfews have become the order of the day. At the same time, the numbers and activities of the plain criminals masquerading as insurgents have also increased alarmingly. Today, the region has become the killing field and specialized in the export to death bodies, if not the manufacturing products. In short, the region has reached the pinnacle of the industrialization of in surgency and criminalization process.It would not be easy to find the solution. However, keeping in mind the rising global terrorism, it would be wise to work on a holistic approach for amicable solution sooner than the later. At the same time, what every insurgent group, operating in the region, should realize is that the formation of separate homeland or accomplishment of more autonomy or sovereignty is not the solution because within itself formation of new group with new demand can not be ruled out.b.fundamentThe rich natural and human resources available in the region could not be utilized to the full extent mainly due to the geo-political condition, including ever-deteriorating legality and order, which has a lot of implication on the development of must needed infrastructure. The negligence of the central government in the past and due to the problems of insurgency at present resulted into the gross deficiency of infrastructure in the region. This has crippled the free flow of factors as well as products. In such a situation, it would be hard for the region to accrue the benefits of globalization. It is also not surprising to find the lack of FDI influx in the region. During January 2000 to Mach 2006 the region received only 9 million US dollar i.e. 0.04 per cent of the total FDI inflow in the country. The lack of infrastructure, as revealed by the infrastructure index given in Table 2, has not only spoiled the prospect of economic development but has also created a horizontal division among various ethnic groups affecting the fabrics of social harmony in the region.All the constituent states of the region are internally lockedthemselves locked and locking out others, unable to connect with each other physically in terms of poor transport links, and more seriously, unable to make connections intellectually and emotionally with their closest neighbours, or even with and among their own people.12 It has displaced the common understanding and linkages fo r peaceful coexistence and regional cooperation. In order to reconnect the lost connectivity, contend and commerce and more importantly to foster emotional attachment among various ethnic groups inhabiting in the region infrastructures like roads, transports, communications electricity, banking etc. must be substantial adequately. Such exercise would not only enlarge the base for the growth of the economy in the region but also enhance the regional cooperation-an engine of growth in this era of globalization. Underdevelopment breeds insurgency and insurgency retards development. This two are mutually reinforcing. This is a classic case of vicious cycle of underdevelopment-insurgency-underdevelopment.Therefore, any policy programmes either to resolve the problems of insurgency or development of much needed infrastructure should go concurrently and not sequentially as it hampered the growth of one another. Further, as it has been asserted in the Planning Commission report on Transf orming the North East, the approach of the central government should change from planning for the North East to planning with the North East.13 This implies that, under the prevailing circumstances continent allocation of funds or implementation of new policy would not suffice to tackle the problems in the region. Considering the emotional sentiments of the inhabitants and sensitivity of the issues, the region must be handled with care. Every developmental programme for the region should have the consent of the inhabitants and needs to be executed with sincerity without delay.c. boldnessThe state is responsible for the creation of conducive political, legal and economic environment for building individual capabilities and encouraging private initiatives.14 It would, however, depend on the quality of the governancemechanism, processes, systems, structures and institutions that guide the social, economic and political relationship. Good governance exercises its trustworthy political power in a manner that is perceived as equitable, non-discriminatory, socially sensitive, participatory, transparent and accountable to the people at large. This embarrasss not only the process of transformation of human and natural endowments to a socially desired ends but also reveals the long term vision and commitment of the state to secure human well being and sustained development of the people.15 The state of governance in the region is in wretched condition.Government machinery is on the brink of collapse. Corruption, squandering of public funds, deteriorating right and order, lack of transparency and accountability, bureaucratic rigmarole, insensitiveness and so forth are quite rampant in the region. There is widespread allegation of insurgency-government officials-bureaucrats-politician nexus, including law enforcing agencies, and siphon off public funds. All this has eroded the individual capabilities and institutional capacities to meet the social objectives.Until a nd unless the quality of governance has been improved, no matter how much is the fund earmarked for whatever the policy programme initiated would not be successful and only the common people have to bear the brunt. Taking into consideration of the paradigm dismission in the development strategy and the amount of funds allocated16 in recent time, we may no long-lived be able to blame the central government in the near future. The present state of affairs in the region is past deed of the central government and what the future generation will face would be decided by what our government has done today.IV.OpportunitiesThe economy of the region has been disrupteded by the forces discussed in the forward section in spite of her rich natural resources. Besides the natural resources, many new opportunities have also emerged with the changing contour of world economy that can boost the economy of the region. But, the need of the time of day is to focus on those areas which would lead to growth of the economy, develop the sense of participation and can extinguish the social and political chasm. The two main areas that can boost the economy are as followsa.TourismTourism is one sector where the region has comparative advantage. This industry is highly competitive where the tourists have a wide range of choices and look for good value of their money. With bountiful natures breathtaking scenic beauty, salubrious climatic conditions, extraordinarily diverse rich art and cultural heritage of the people, this region can become a hotspot for eco and adventure tourism.Tourism industry involves a vast network of business activities relating to attracting, receiving, accommodating, managing and servicing of tourists. These include hotels, restaurants, transport agency and several other related activities. The development of this industry would promote national integration and international understanding, generate employment and revenue and provide prospective buyers for loca l manufactured products especially handloom and calling productsa dyeing industry due to lack of access to market.Tourism can generate more employment per million of rupees spent than any other activities. It can generate jobs in the remotest corners for unskilled to highly specialized skilled workers which would help in the realization of plan objectives. It would also enlarge the base of topically manufactured products. All this, however, would be possible only when there is well-developed infrastructure like transport and communication and sense of participation of the people of the region.b.Border workmanshipThe lack of connectivity and access to market, the main causes for under utilization of resources and imperfect resource-industry linkages, have set the economy of the region by half a century behind. The region has lost the markets in her neighbourhood, particularly in Bangladesh, due to partition, insurgency and diplomatic strains and tensions. Due to the peripheral loc ation and unshakable competition from mainland industries having better access to critical inputs like finance, technology and management, the base of traditional manufacturing in the region has been eroded leading to deindustrialization. While resource base can support a variety of industries at all scales, the existing industrial structure, dominated by small-scale demand based industries has not been developed proportionately. This has widened the gap between resource base and industrial structure in the region. Further, due to the restriction of free movement of men and material across the border, the notion of isolation has developed in the minds of the people. It is in this context, there is a strong argument to develop border trade.In this increasingly borderless world, establishment of border trade would not only provide an opportunity to revive the local manufactured units but also serve as a transit corridor for the mainland big industrial units to explore the vast Asian market. This would also bring the centrality and visibility of the otherwise peripheral north eastern region.17 It is with this vision that look east policy was initiated in 1991. Unfortunately, as old habits die hard the central government still continues to live in the shadow of security obsessed mindset and prefers inward looking approach. As a result, even after fifteen years of implementation of border trade agreement, it has failed to invigorate the regions trade with their neibhouring countries. As a result, Indias look east policy has, by and large, bypassed the region.The percentage of trade with neighbouring countries have zoom up to 8 per cent of the countrys total al-Quran of trade in 2003-04 from a mere 1.7 per cent in 1987-88. However, over two-third of the total volume of trade with these countries flow via Bay of Bengal while the land borders of the region have been left for transit corridors for ill-gotten trade . The tepidity of the central government in impleme ntation of the policy has only led to rise in the porosity of these borderlands. An impressionistic assessment reveals that there is a rise in negative activities like cross-border insurgency, gunrunning, smuggling drugs, narcotics and AIDS, money laundering, trafficking women, illegal immigration etc. which further add to the existing multifarious problems in the region.ConclusionGlobalization has become the most potent force emerged in recent time. It virtually affects every walk of lifepositive or negative. Unlike other regions of the Indian union, North East India is more likely to swamp by its negative effects. The region is at the throes of overt crisis. Since 1991, there has been increase in inequality and unemployment, decline in the quality of the governance, rise in smuggling, trafficking, illegal immigration, corruption, squandering of public funds, escalation in insurgency related activities, etc. These have led to underdevelopment and erosion of the talent of the indi vidual and quality of life. A sense of deprivation has developed particularly among the educated youths of the region. The clock is ticking fast and fuse is not long. It is time to work on a holistic approach to resolve problems in the region.Notes1. Chanda, Nayan, 2003, What is Globalization? Coming Together Globalization Means Reconnecting the Human Community, YaleGlobal Online, http//www.globalenvision.org/library/8/567. 2. Recently it has been argued that the turning point of higher growth rate in India was 1980 but not 1991 as perceived by many. For more details see Nayyar, Deepak. 2006. stinting Growth in Independence India pound Elephant or ravel Tiger?, Economic and political Weekly, vol. 41, no. 15, pp. 1451-1458. 3. nigh authors even argued that coastal states with open port facility have outperformed non-coastal states in the post globalization era. For more detail see Kishore, Adharsh. 2002. Towards an Indian Approach to Globalization, http//www.rba.gov.au/Publication sAndResearch/Conferences/2002/kishore.pdf. 4. Sen, Amartya, 2005, The Three Rs of Reforms, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 40, no. 19, p. 1. 5. ibid., p. 1.6. Sikkim becomes the member of North East Council on December 2002 after an amendment of the NEC Act 1971. Since then all development purposes of the state has been do by at per with the other seven states of the region. However, the addition of Sikkim in the North Eastern Region is yet to be reflected in the literature of NER. 7. The Report of the Special Group on Targeting Ten Million booking Opportunities per course of instruction over the Tenth Plan Period has viewed that Current Daily Status (CDS) is the better measure to enrapture unemployment than Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status (UPSS). 8. The National Human training Report 2001 provides the estimate of Gini Coefficient for bucolic and urban area only. It does not provide the combine estimate of the two.11. For more detail analysis see Roy, Sanjay K. 2005. Conflicting Nations in atomic number 10 India, Economic and Political weekly, vol. 40, no. 21, pp. 2176-2182. 12. Prabhakra, M. S. 2004. Is North-East India Landlocked?, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 39, no. 42, p. 4608. 13. GOI. 1997. Transforming the North East Tackling Backlogs in Basic Minimum Services and Infrastructure Needs, High direct Commission Report to the Prime Minister, Planning Commission, http//planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/ne_exe.pdf, p. 2. 14. GOI. 2001. National Human Development Report, Planning Commission, http//planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/nhdrep/nhdreportf.htm, p. 114. 15. ibid, p. 114.16. Apart from all the constituent states being classified as Special Category States, establishment of NEC and induction of DoNER speaks the volume of fund allocated to this region. 17. Verghese, B. G., op. cit.ReferenceAhluwalia, Montek S. (2000) Economic Performance of States in Post-Reforms Period, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 35, no. 1 9, pp. 1637-1648.Bajpai, M. (2002) A Decade of Economic Reforms in India The Unfinished Agenda, Working Paper no. 89, Center for external Development, Harvard University, http//www.ksg.harvard.edu/CID/cidwp/089.pdf.Barbora, Sanjay (2006) Rethinking Indias Counter-insurgency Campaign in North-East, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 41, no. 35, pp. 3805-3812.Baruah, Sanjib The Problem,http//www.manipuronline.com/North-East/November2005/theproblem23_2.htm.Bhattacharya, B. B. S. Sakthivel (2004) regional Growth and Disparity in India A Comparison of Pre and Post-Reform Decades, http//iegindia.org/worksakthi244.pdf.Chanda, Nayan (2003) What is Globalization? Coming Together Globalization agent reconnecting the human community, http//www.globalenvision.org/library/8/567.Ghosh, Madhusudan (2006) Economic Growth and Human Development in Indian States, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 41, no. 30, pp. 3321-3329.GOI (1997) Transforming the North East Tackling Backlogs in Basic Minimum S ervices and Infrastructure Needs, High Level Commission Report to the Prime Minister, Planning Commission, http//planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/ne_exe.pdf.GOI (2001) National Human Development Report, Planning Commission, late Delhi, http//planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/nhdrep/nhdreportf.htmGOI (2002) Report of the Committee on India Vision 2020, Planning Commission, New Delhi, http//planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/pl_vsn2020.pdf.GOI (2004) Report of the Twelfth Finance Commission (2005-10), Ministry of Finance, http//finance.rajasthan.gov.in/doc/12fcreng.pdf.Grare, Frederic Amitabh Mattoo (2003) Beyond the Rhetoric The Economics of Indias Look East Policy, Manohar Publishers Distributors, New Delhi.Gupta, K. R. (2005) Liberalization and Globalization of Indian Economy, Gupta, K. R. (ed.) Liberalization and Globalization of Indian Economy, vol. VI, pp. 304-315, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.Humanshu (2007) Recent Trends in Poverty an d Inequality Some Preliminary Results, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 497-508.Khanna, Sushil (2005) Economic Opportunities or Continuing Stagnation, http//www.manipuronline.com/Economy/November2005/stagnationoropportuny18_1.htm.Kishore, Adharsh (2002) Towards an Indian Approach to Globalization, http//www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Conferences/2002/kishore.pdf.Kurian, N. J. (2000) Widening Regional Disparities in India Some Indicators, Economic and Political weekly, vol. 35. No. 7, pp. 538-550.Nayyar, Deepak (2006) Economic Growth in Independent India. Lumbering Elephant or Running Tiger?, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 41, no. 15, pp.1451-1458.NSSO (1997) Employment and Unemployment in India, 1993-94, 50th Round, Report No. 409. NSSO (2006) Employment and Unemployment Situation in India, 2004-05, 61st Round, Report No. 515.Prabhakra, M. S. (2004) Is North-East India Landlocked, Economic and Political Weekly, vo. 39, no. 42, pp.4606-4608.Ramachandran , H. Governance and Peoples Participation, 15 Background Paper Vision 2020, http//planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/reportsf.htm. Roy, Sanjay K. (2005) Conflicting Nations in North-East India, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 40, no. 21, pp. 2176-2182. Sen, Amartya (2005) The Three Rs of Reforms, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 40, no. 19, pp. 1971-1974.Sinha, A. K. (2005) India go Towards Liberalization andGlobalization, Gupta, K. R. (ed.) Liberalization and Globalization of Indian Economy, vol. VI, pp. 315-330, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.Sinha, Aseema Globalization, Rising Inequality, and New Insecurities in India, http//209.235.207.197/imgtest/TaskForceDiffIneqDevSinha.pdfUpadhyay, Archana (2006) Terrorism in the North-East Linkages and Implications, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 41, no. 48, pp. 4993-4999.Verghese, B. G. Unfinished Business in the North East Pointers Towards Restructuring, Reform, Reconciliation and Resurgence, Seventh Ka mal Kumari Memorial Lecture, http//www.freeindiamidia.com/economy/19_june_economy.htm.

Saddams rule in Iraq Essay Example for Free

ibn Talal Husseins rule in Iraq EssayIn text A, the contend is represented as having to have exploited Iraq by the Americans too the reader accuses Britain of having the same mentality as America and Britain argon both each(prenominal)ies. This is particularly evident in the same oil companies that used to exploit Iraq when it was a British colony are now locomote the Iraq state of war was all about oil. The modal auxiliary verb was in the past tense makes the generator skillful knowledgeable and certain that this was the case and also implies that it was not unexpected from the two super powers, commenting on how they are now returning. The verb exploited and the adverbial of manner used to creates sympathy towards Iraq showing how it has already suffered and been taken wages of by the allies before. The writer then quotes that a US Federal Chairman, recently admitted. The verbal mathematical operation verb admitted shows that even parties who are amongst the USA gover nment acknowledge their greedy reasons behind the war on Iraq. The writer used this point to further more persuade that the war was a pointless decision.All triad texts refer to Saddams rule in Iraq in correlation to the manage of war in Iraq. schoolbook A expresses how Saddams rule in Iraq was for the benefit of his people and the writer does not blame Saddams dictatorship for Americas impingement of Iraq. Text B, shows a strong opinion against Saddams sadistic regime. Whereas, Text C refers to Saddams regime to be the main(prenominal) cause of war against Iraq. Eric Margolis in Text A, refers to Saddams rule as the benefit of Iraqs depicted object development.The abstract noun benefit ties in with the larger theme of the article Iraq was in a well and stationary position before it was invaded, representing the war on Iraq in a negative way as it almost proves how there was no tender-hearted reason for war. However this shows the narrow-mindedness of the writer as Text A of fers no criticism of how Saddam tortured his people under his dictatorship, or even explain in what way it increased Iraqs national development. Text B uses the evaluative adjectives tyrannical and sadistic to describe Saddams regime in Iraq.By representing it in this way, the article makes the American forces almost heroic because of their efforts to eliminate him. In Text C, it states how the main goal of the invasion of Iraq was to undermine Saddam Husseins ability to wage war, again using Saddams dictatorship of Iraq as a main reason to war, emphasising the importance and positives of the war. In this simple sentence the word war is first used, as the vitrine of the sentence is Saddam Hussein, showing how war is alone associated with him and not the Americans.To make Saddams actions sound more high-pressure the dynamic verb is used to create the alliteration wage war. The three texts use similar methods to represent the war on Iraq in the way that they want to. All three arti cles are heavily biased, which means atomic number 53 could argue that there could be lack of reasoning behind some of their points. They are also all trying to challenge the representations of the war, both positive and negative.Text A, portrays the war as having no backbone different than greed for oil by the Americans, persuading the reader that this is the ugly truth. Text B, tries to gain some sympathy towards American troops instead of the real victims of the American war against Iraq however emphasising the good aspects the war on Iraq will bring such as liberating people from Saddams sadistic regime. Text B, uses rhetorical persuasive linguistic features to switch the minds of people who are against the war on Iraq by convincing the audience that war on Iraq only has advantages.

Philippine Land Law Expert Chatbot Essay Example for Free

Philippine Land Law Expert Chatbot EssayThe researchers lead to work on an expert system with integration of Philippine fine-tune laws. They chose to focus on down laws since one of the major problems of the Filipinos who seek law experts advice are due to land. The researchers deliberates the possible flairs on how stool they share knowledge and guidance that works like a real lawyer advising a lymph node just now have not taking an account to replace to seek a real land law experts guidance. Also, putting an expertise into a machine happens in many ways. So, the researchers find a way on constructing an expert system on Philippine land law using different techniques. In giving solution to the stated problem of the researchers, this study implements techniques such as Natural Language affect (NLP) with sub-processes of Tokenizing, Part-of-Speech Tagging, and Parsing for input abstraction and validation, as well as Natural Language Generation (NLG) for the construction of come/s.The developed system entitled, PHILEX Philipine Land Law Expert Chatbot focused on providing answers to the users questions. much(prenominal) users who are in need of information, assistance and knowledge and those who seek counselling in regards to any Philippine land law or land rights can benefit from the said expert system but must always know that the researchers do not intend to substitute the land law professionals. Upon discordant shows that the researchers conducted aiming to know the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the system, researchers came up with such conclusions. A technique, Precision and Recall, was used to test the systems capability of answering the users questions relying from correct military issue (true positive or tp), missing result (false negative of fn), unexpected result (false positive of fp), and correct abscence of result (true negative or tn). This study alike intends to identify the evaluation of the experts when it comes to systems user-friendliness, reanimate of response, and completeness. Five (5) land law experts chose twenty (20) test questions used to assess the systems competency.Conclusion made by the experts based on the results is PHILEX, organism the system for giving answers to users questions pertaining to Philipine land laws, is acceptable as a reliable mention of knowledge and guidance without intending to replace the professional practitioners. The system got an overall percentage in terms of accuracy, a 75%, specificity with the percentage rate of 55% and sensitivity with 80.8%. Summing up the scores in terms of user-friendliness, speed of response, and completeness resulted to an overall weighted mean of 4.36, 4.32, and 4.16 respectively, interprets that the system as an acceptable tool for land law consulations. In the future, the authors would like to extend their work and knowledge by making the system possible to access by everyone through web or what we called web-base applicati on.

Working Cass Families and Modern Education Systems Redefined under Neo-Liberalism Policies Essay Example for Free

working Cass Families and Modern Education Systems Redefined under Neo-Liberalism Policies EssayConnells (2003) article focuses on the problematic relationship mingled with working- year families, and modern study systems, which is being redefined under neo-liberalism policies. Connell explores this issue in relation to an Australian reform, which was created with an end to make upper secondary education to a greater extent inclusive, in particular through more all-embracing vocational education opportunities.Connell explains that the level of which working- fellowship youths needs have been met, or neglected throughout the past 150 years of mass schooling in advanced capitalist economies frame a core problem of sociable justice in education. (p. 235) Connells argument is that while social class is no longer officially recognised as an issue in Australian life, class inequality and exclusion have a marked influence on education in the bear day. (p. 247) Connell states t hat the nature of which working class families respond to state schooling is a key issue of importance in research on class and education.Connells central argument lies in her criticism of the neo-liberal foodstuff agenda, which she states is ultimately seeking to reconstruct mass education on a ruling-class education organisational model. Connell argues that out-of-pocket to the fact neo-liberalism fails to acknowledge that class structure exists, and assumes its securities industry model is universally applicable (an assumption which Connell states is disproven by British research) problems associated with class structure will continue to go unacknowledged. (p. 37)Connell further argues that many working class families continue to grapple with the bureaucratic machinery of state education in order to obtain a apt education for their children, however as Connell believes theres shut away a long way to go before this relationship is cohesive and productive for all parties inv olved. (p. 247) In support of her argument of class still being a key factor of inequality in education, Connell cites authors such as Bettie (2002), Dent and Hatton (1996), Thompson (2002), lynch Lodge (2002) Teese and Polesel (2003) (p. 235).Connell cites Marginson (1997) to argue that the motives of neo-liberalisms market agenda in the 1980s was to push to privatise education, and where public education institutions remained restructure them to become market competitive. (p. 236) Using largely a methodical approach, Connell draws on close-focus research carried out across four socially and geographically diverse government secondary schools, obtained from the vocational Education and Equity in Senior Secondary Schooling project, and undertaken by staff of the University of Sydneys competency of Education, the Department of Education and Training and the NSW Board of Studies.Through a series of qualitative interviews with students, parents and teachers of Years 11 and 12 VET cl asses over a period of two years, Connell explores the relationship between working-class families and schools today, which give-up the ghost under this neo-liberalist influence, but which are also attempting to implement social justice reforms, particularly in regards to expanding vocational education options. (p. 238) Connells central argument is plausible and relatable in the sense of the extensive field information carried out across schools depicting various class structures.The article being peer reviewed also adds more weight to her claims. The central theme of her argument is logically developed throughout the body of the paper, and further grumous in the conclusion, however at times she touches on international research, (for example the British research she suggests disproves the neo-liberalist market model is far from being universally applicable) (p. 237) without any further full stops as to why. Adding further detail of the international data Connell cited would hav e helped to solidify her key points.

Unresolved Issues in The Odyssey Essay Example for Free

Unresolved Issues in The Odyssey EssayHomer would never have willingly chosen to end the Odyssey at book 23, line 343. The Odyssey cannot be concluded here because Odysseus has not finished everything he set out to do and the reader is left hanging. At this point in the book Odysseus is quiet facing the threat of repercussion for his actions. Until Odysseuss rule is secure, the ending is unsatisfying. It is also not possible for the Odyssey to have an solo happy ending if Odysseus isnt brought together with his father, Laertes, who has mourned him throughout his long absence. One of Odysseuss main incentives for returning home is that he wishes to be reunited with his father, Laertes. Odysseus learns to appreciate the value of home and family even more during his long journey. When speaking of his desire to go back to Ithaca eon he is still in Phaiakia, Odysseus asks, Where shall a man find sweetness to go across his own home and his parents? (book 9 line 34-36).If the book ends before Odysseus has reveals himself to his father, then Odysseuss goal of seeing his family over again has not been completely fulfilled. His father is consumed with grief about his missing son. Laertes is not taking care of himself at all he is sick and emaciated from sleeping on the ground in the mud and not eating. In the hierarchical mindset I dont think you could leave the king (Laertes is still king until he dies) or a father in that condition and not face wrath from the gods.The Greeks had tremendous amounts of gaze for elder family members and it doesnt make sense that Odysseus, who is supposed to be extremely generous, would let his father suffer by and by he returned home- its too cruel. In terms of number of pages the journey home is not really that long or significant, while ousting the suitors and restoring right at home is huge. The focus of the book is on what Odysseus did erst he got home to accomplish that goal- rather then how he got to Ithaca itself. Od ysseus comes home, and murders the suitors, but that only resolves some of his problems.He still has the families of the suitors to contend with, for there is a very good chance that the Akhaians will not subscribe to Odysseus as king again after he has murdered a good number of the high-level men in town. Before the book ends, it is essential that Odysseus make peace with the families of the suitors and reunite with his father, Laertes. If the Odyssey were to end while Odysseuss power was still in question the main goal would not be accomplished, and the book would be incomplete.

Women and Religion Essay Example for Free

Women and Religion EssayRecognizing in religion bingle of the most powerful institutions for perpetuating sexism and patriarchal permission, womens rightists have responded in different ways. Some reject all forms of religion, accept that it is an oppressive and negative force, a trap which hinders women in the struggle for material change in their lives. Others hope that there is a spiritual as well as a material aspect to life, and look to alternatives to male-defined religions in goddess worship and other forms of adult female centered theology. Still others, while recognizing the patriarchal bias of Christianity, Judaism and Islam, recall that there be spiritual truths in these religions which cannot be denied, and feel that it is therefore necessary to work for emend from within, rather than breaking away (Allen 272).Some religious feminists work for equality, while others remember that female favourable position should be recognized in spiritual matters some re ject what they consider oppressive traditions, while others believe that there is strength to be found in reclaiming and redefining womens traditional roles.Like all patriarchal religions, Christianity has been slavish in creating, perpetuating, and justifying womens oppression. Yet although the Christian church has been for many centuries the most oppressive institution, forcing women to submit to the rule of their fathers and husbands as stand ins for paragon, this oppression is not necessarily inherent in the religion, and many women have found in it spiritual liberation and truth. Christian teachings may be emphasized and interpreted in varied and instead contradictory ways, as proven by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and her co-authors in The Womans Bible, and modern scholars have re-examined the New Testament to entreat that despite later interpretations, Jesus was free from sexual prejudice (Allen 273).During the puritan revolution of the mid-seventeenth century the intrench sex ism of the church was challenged as the concept that all human souls are equal in the sight of God gathered force. The to a greater extent radical puritan sects took the idea of spiritual equality to its logical conclusion, accepting the authority of the spirit over that of church or state, even if that spirit happened to be manifested in a woman or a child. Although not widespread,and soon subdued, the very existence of this idea allowed feminist theory to flummox within women who still defined themselves as Christian (Maitland 217).The discrepancy between Christian ideals and the actual intervention of women within the church began to attract more attention in the 1960s and 1970s as more and more women were influenced by feminist ideas. Individual instances of injustice began to be seen as part of a build of sexism. But as women began making demands of their churches they encountered a deep, often hostile, resistance to change, and were forced to ask historical and theological questions of Christianity in a search for the cool its of its sexism.In A Map of the New Country Women and Christianity Sara Maitland argues that the root of the twoer lies in the ancient heresy of dualism the idea that the wholeness of Gods creation can be divided into two and labelled good (spirit) or bad (flesh). According to Maitland Dualism is a fundamental ground of oppression-the baron to assert that me and mine are better than that which is Other, and justifying this by making God, the ultimate Other, over in ones own imageFeminist theology perceives that dualistic splits are the cause not just of sexism, but of racism, classism, and ecological destruction.How far feminist theology may depart from accepted doctrine and still be considered Christian is a problem faced by feminists struggling to reconcile their spiritual with their political feelings. Some Christian feminist groups are church-linked, others are interdenominational, and others have moved, like philosopher Mary Daly, once a respected Catholic theologian, now declaring herself unimprisoned by the teachings of church or man, into the new realm of spiritual feminism.In Britain, the Christian Feminist style began in 1978 as an active group concerned with examining feminist issues from a Christian viewpoint, and challenging sexism both within and outside the church. They are separate from, but closely involved with, the Christian Womens Information and election Service, a network linking people working to change the position of women in the church, which hopefully will be done soon (Allen 72).